336
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Varanasi, U., J.E. Stein, K.L. Tilbury, J.P. Meador, C.A. Sloan, R.C. Clark, and S.L. Chan. 1994. Chemical
contaminants in gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded along the west coast of North
America. Science of the Total Environment 145(1):29–53.
Vázquez-Medina, J.P., T. Zenteno-Savín, and R. Elsner. 2006. Antioxidant enzymes in ringed seal
tissues: Potential protection against dive-associated ischemia/reperfusion. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 142(3):198–204.
Wagemann R., R. Hunt, and J.F. Klaverkamp. 1984. Subcellular distribution of heavy metals in
liver and kidney of a narwhal whale (Monodon monoceros): An evaluation for the presence of
metallothionein. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 78:301–307.
Wagemann R., S. Innes, and P.R. Richard. 1996. Overview and regional and temporal differences
of heavy metals in Arctic whales and ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic. Science of the Total
Environment 186:41–66. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05085-1.
Wagemann, R., N.B. Snow, A. Lutz, and D.P. Scott. 1983. Heavy metals in tissues and organs of the
narwhal (Monodon monoceros). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40(S2): s206–s214.
Wagemann, R. and R.E.A. Stewart. 1994. Concentrations of heavy metals and selenium in tissues
and some foods of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Eastern Canadian Arctic and
Sub-Arctic, and associations between metals, age, and gender. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences. 51:426–436. doi: 10.1139/f94-044.
Wagemann, R., R.E.A. Stewart, W.L. Lockhart, B.E. Stewart, and M. Povoledo. 1988. Trace metals and
methyl mercury: Associations and transfer in harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) mothers and their
pups. Marine Mammal Science 4(4):339–355. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00542.x
Webb, B.E, R.E.A. Stewart, and D.M. Lavigne. 1984. Mineral constituents of harp seal milk. Canadian
Journal of Zoology 62:831–833.
Wilhelm Filho, D., F. Sell, L. Ribeiro, M. Ghislandi, F. Carrasquedo, C.G. Fraga, J.P. Wallauer,
P.C. Simões-Lopes, and M.M. Uhart. 2002. Comparison between the antioxidant status of
terrestrial and diving mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &
Integrative Physiology 133 (3):885–892.
Winge, D., J. Krasno, and A.V. Colucci. 1974. Cadmium accumulation in rat liver: Correlation between
bound metals and pathology. In Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, eds. W.G. Hoekstra,
J.W. Suttie, H.E. Ganther, and W. Mertz. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 500–502.
Wiśniewska, J.M., B. Trojanowska, J. Piotrowski, and M. Jakubowski. 1970. Binding of mercury in the
rat kidney by metallothionein. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 16 (3):754–763.
World Health Organization. 1992. Cadmium. Environmental Health Criteria 134. World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Woshner, V.M., T.M. O’Hara, G.R. Bratton, R.S. Suydam, and V. R. Beasley. 2001. Concentrations and
interactions of selected essential and non-essential elements in bowhead and beluga whales of
Arctic Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37 (4): 693–710.
Yamamori, K., M. Nakamura, T. Matsui, and T.J. Hara. 1988. Gustatory responses to tetrodotoxin
and saxitoxin in fish: A possible mechanism for avoiding marine toxins. Canadian Journal of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45 (12): 2182–2186.
Ylitalo, G.M., C.O. Matkin, J. Buzitis, M.M. Krahn, L.L. Jones, T. Rowles, and J.E. Stein. 2001. Influence
of life-history parameters on organochlorine concentrations in free-ranging killer whales
(Orcinus orca) from Prince William Sound, AK. Science of the Total Environment 281 (1):183–203.
Zhang, C. and J. Zhang. 2015. Environmental analytical chemistry current techniques for detecting
and monitoring algal toxins and causative harmful algal blooms. Journal of Environmental and
Analytical Chemistry 2:1–12. doi: 10.4172/JREAC.1000123.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Varanasi, U., J.E. Stein, K.L. Tilbury, J.P. Meador, C.A. Sloan, R.C. Clark, and S.L. Chan. 1994. Chemical
contaminants in gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) stranded along the west coast of North
America. Science of the Total Environment 145(1):29–53.
Vázquez-Medina, J.P., T. Zenteno-Savín, and R. Elsner. 2006. Antioxidant enzymes in ringed seal
tissues: Potential protection against dive-associated ischemia/reperfusion. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 142(3):198–204.
Wagemann R., R. Hunt, and J.F. Klaverkamp. 1984. Subcellular distribution of heavy metals in
liver and kidney of a narwhal whale (Monodon monoceros): An evaluation for the presence of
metallothionein. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C 78:301–307.
Wagemann R., S. Innes, and P.R. Richard. 1996. Overview and regional and temporal differences
of heavy metals in Arctic whales and ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic. Science of the Total
Environment 186:41–66. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05085-1.
Wagemann, R., N.B. Snow, A. Lutz, and D.P. Scott. 1983. Heavy metals in tissues and organs of the
narwhal (Monodon monoceros). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40(S2): s206–s214.
Wagemann, R. and R.E.A. Stewart. 1994. Concentrations of heavy metals and selenium in tissues
and some foods of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) from the Eastern Canadian Arctic and
Sub-Arctic, and associations between metals, age, and gender. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences. 51:426–436. doi: 10.1139/f94-044.
Wagemann, R., R.E.A. Stewart, W.L. Lockhart, B.E. Stewart, and M. Povoledo. 1988. Trace metals and
methyl mercury: Associations and transfer in harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) mothers and their
pups. Marine Mammal Science 4(4):339–355. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1988.tb00542.x
Webb, B.E, R.E.A. Stewart, and D.M. Lavigne. 1984. Mineral constituents of harp seal milk. Canadian
Journal of Zoology 62:831–833.
Wilhelm Filho, D., F. Sell, L. Ribeiro, M. Ghislandi, F. Carrasquedo, C.G. Fraga, J.P. Wallauer,
P.C. Simões-Lopes, and M.M. Uhart. 2002. Comparison between the antioxidant status of
terrestrial and diving mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &
Integrative Physiology 133 (3):885–892.
Winge, D., J. Krasno, and A.V. Colucci. 1974. Cadmium accumulation in rat liver: Correlation between
bound metals and pathology. In Trace Element Metabolism in Animals, eds. W.G. Hoekstra,
J.W. Suttie, H.E. Ganther, and W. Mertz. University Park Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 500–502.
Wiśniewska, J.M., B. Trojanowska, J. Piotrowski, and M. Jakubowski. 1970. Binding of mercury in the
rat kidney by metallothionein. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 16 (3):754–763.
World Health Organization. 1992. Cadmium. Environmental Health Criteria 134. World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Woshner, V.M., T.M. O’Hara, G.R. Bratton, R.S. Suydam, and V. R. Beasley. 2001. Concentrations and
interactions of selected essential and non-essential elements in bowhead and beluga whales of
Arctic Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37 (4): 693–710.
Yamamori, K., M. Nakamura, T. Matsui, and T.J. Hara. 1988. Gustatory responses to tetrodotoxin
and saxitoxin in fish: A possible mechanism for avoiding marine toxins. Canadian Journal of
Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45 (12): 2182–2186.
Ylitalo, G.M., C.O. Matkin, J. Buzitis, M.M. Krahn, L.L. Jones, T. Rowles, and J.E. Stein. 2001. Influence
of life-history parameters on organochlorine concentrations in free-ranging killer whales
(Orcinus orca) from Prince William Sound, AK. Science of the Total Environment 281 (1):183–203.
Zhang, C. and J. Zhang. 2015. Environmental analytical chemistry current techniques for detecting
and monitoring algal toxins and causative harmful algal blooms. Journal of Environmental and
Analytical Chemistry 2:1–12. doi: 10.4172/JREAC.1000123.