239
Chapter ten: Post-partum
Costa, D.P. and T.M. Williams. 1999. Marine mammal energetics. In Biology of Marine Mammals, eds.
J.E. Reynolds and S.A. Rommel. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 176–217.
Crocker, D.E., C.D. Champagne, M.A. Fowler, and D.S. Houser. 2014a. Adiposity and fat metabolism
in lactating and fasting northern elephant seals. Advances in Nutrition 5 (1):57–64.
Crocker, D.E., M.A. Fowler, C.D. Champagne, A.L. Vanderlugt, and D.S. Houser. 2014b. Metabolic
response to a glucagon challenge varies with adiposity and life-history stage in fasting northern elephant seals. General and Comparative Endocrinology 195:99–106.
Crocker, D.E., P.M. Webb, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1998. Protein catabolism and renal function
in lactating northern elephant seals. Physiological Zoology 71 (5):485–491.
Crocker, D.E., J.D. Williams, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf. 2001. Maternal traits and reproductive
effort in northern elephant seals. Ecology 82 (12):3541–3555.
Derocher, A.E., D. Andriashek, and J.P.Y. Arnould. 1993. Aspects of milk composition and lactation
in polar bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:561–567.
Fowler, M.A., C.D. Champagne, D.S. Houser, and D.E. Crocker. 2008. Hormonal regulation of glucose
clearance in lactating northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Experimental
Biology 211 (18):2943–2949.
Fowler, M.A., D.P. Costa, D.E. Crocker, W. Shen, and F.B. Kraemer. 2015. Adipose triglyceride
lipase, not hormone sensitive lipase, is the primary lipolytic enzyme in fasting elephant seals
(Mirounga angustirostris). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88:284–294.
Fowler, M.A., C. Debier, E. Mignolet, C. Linard, D.E. Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 2014. Fatty acid
mobilization and comparison to milk fatty acid content in northern elephant seals. Journal of
Comparative Physiology B 184 (1):125–135.
Gales, N.J. and H.R. Burton. 1987. Ultrasonic measurement of blubber thickness of the southern
elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (Linn.). Australian Journal of Zoology 35:207–217.
Guinet, C., N. Servera, S. Mangin, J.-Y. Georges, and A. Lacroix. 2004. Change in plasma cortisol and
metabolites during the attendance period ashore in fasting lactating subantarctic fur seals.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 137 (3):523–531.
Hammond, K.A. and J. Diamond. 1997. Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals.
Nature 386 (6624):457–462.
Hedd, A., R. Gales, and D. Renouf. 1995. Use of temperature telemetry to monitor ingestion by a
harbour seal mother and her pup throughout lactation. Polar Biology 15 (3):155–160.
Houser, D.S., C.D. Champagne, and D.E. Crocker. 2007. Lipolysis and glycerol gluconeogenesis in
simultaneously fasting and lactating northern elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology:
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293 (6):R2376–R2381.
Iverson, S.J., M. Hamosh, and W.D. Bowen. 1995. Lipoprotein lipase activity and its relationship
to high milk fat transfer during lactation in grey seals. Journal of Comparative Physiology B
165:384–395.
Johnson, M.S. and J.R. Speakman. 2001. Limits to sustained energy intake V. Effect of cold-exposure
during lactation in Mus musculus. Journal of Experimental Biology 204 (11):1967–1977.
Kovacs, K.M. and D.M. Lavigne. 1986. Maternal investment and neonatal growth in phocid seals.
Journal of Animal Ecology 55:1035–1051.
Le Boeuf, B.J. and D.E. Crocker. 2005. Ocean climate and seal condition. BMC Biology 3 (1):9.
Lockyer, C. 1981. Growth and energy budgets of large baleen whales from the Southern Hemisphere.
Mammals in the Seas 3:379–487.
Lydersen, C. 1995. Energetics of pregnancy, lactation and neonatal development in ringed seals
(Phoca hispida). In Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, eds. A.S. Blix, L. Walloe, and O. Ulltang. Elsevier
Science B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lydersen, C., M.O. Hammill, and K.M. Kovacs. 1995. Milk intake, growth and energy consumption
in pups of ice-breeding grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 164:585–592.
Lydersen, C. and K.M. Kovacs. 1996. Energetics of lactation in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 166:295–304.
Lydersen, C., K.M. Kovacs, and M.O. Hammill. 1997. Energetics during nursing and early postweaning fasting in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) pups from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 167:81–88.
Chapter ten: Post-partum
Costa, D.P. and T.M. Williams. 1999. Marine mammal energetics. In Biology of Marine Mammals, eds.
J.E. Reynolds and S.A. Rommel. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp. 176–217.
Crocker, D.E., C.D. Champagne, M.A. Fowler, and D.S. Houser. 2014a. Adiposity and fat metabolism
in lactating and fasting northern elephant seals. Advances in Nutrition 5 (1):57–64.
Crocker, D.E., M.A. Fowler, C.D. Champagne, A.L. Vanderlugt, and D.S. Houser. 2014b. Metabolic
response to a glucagon challenge varies with adiposity and life-history stage in fasting northern elephant seals. General and Comparative Endocrinology 195:99–106.
Crocker, D.E., P.M. Webb, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf. 1998. Protein catabolism and renal function
in lactating northern elephant seals. Physiological Zoology 71 (5):485–491.
Crocker, D.E., J.D. Williams, D.P. Costa, and B.J. Le Boeuf. 2001. Maternal traits and reproductive
effort in northern elephant seals. Ecology 82 (12):3541–3555.
Derocher, A.E., D. Andriashek, and J.P.Y. Arnould. 1993. Aspects of milk composition and lactation
in polar bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:561–567.
Fowler, M.A., C.D. Champagne, D.S. Houser, and D.E. Crocker. 2008. Hormonal regulation of glucose
clearance in lactating northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Experimental
Biology 211 (18):2943–2949.
Fowler, M.A., D.P. Costa, D.E. Crocker, W. Shen, and F.B. Kraemer. 2015. Adipose triglyceride
lipase, not hormone sensitive lipase, is the primary lipolytic enzyme in fasting elephant seals
(Mirounga angustirostris). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88:284–294.
Fowler, M.A., C. Debier, E. Mignolet, C. Linard, D.E. Crocker, and D.P. Costa. 2014. Fatty acid
mobilization and comparison to milk fatty acid content in northern elephant seals. Journal of
Comparative Physiology B 184 (1):125–135.
Gales, N.J. and H.R. Burton. 1987. Ultrasonic measurement of blubber thickness of the southern
elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (Linn.). Australian Journal of Zoology 35:207–217.
Guinet, C., N. Servera, S. Mangin, J.-Y. Georges, and A. Lacroix. 2004. Change in plasma cortisol and
metabolites during the attendance period ashore in fasting lactating subantarctic fur seals.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 137 (3):523–531.
Hammond, K.A. and J. Diamond. 1997. Maximal sustained energy budgets in humans and animals.
Nature 386 (6624):457–462.
Hedd, A., R. Gales, and D. Renouf. 1995. Use of temperature telemetry to monitor ingestion by a
harbour seal mother and her pup throughout lactation. Polar Biology 15 (3):155–160.
Houser, D.S., C.D. Champagne, and D.E. Crocker. 2007. Lipolysis and glycerol gluconeogenesis in
simultaneously fasting and lactating northern elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology:
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293 (6):R2376–R2381.
Iverson, S.J., M. Hamosh, and W.D. Bowen. 1995. Lipoprotein lipase activity and its relationship
to high milk fat transfer during lactation in grey seals. Journal of Comparative Physiology B
165:384–395.
Johnson, M.S. and J.R. Speakman. 2001. Limits to sustained energy intake V. Effect of cold-exposure
during lactation in Mus musculus. Journal of Experimental Biology 204 (11):1967–1977.
Kovacs, K.M. and D.M. Lavigne. 1986. Maternal investment and neonatal growth in phocid seals.
Journal of Animal Ecology 55:1035–1051.
Le Boeuf, B.J. and D.E. Crocker. 2005. Ocean climate and seal condition. BMC Biology 3 (1):9.
Lockyer, C. 1981. Growth and energy budgets of large baleen whales from the Southern Hemisphere.
Mammals in the Seas 3:379–487.
Lydersen, C. 1995. Energetics of pregnancy, lactation and neonatal development in ringed seals
(Phoca hispida). In Whales, Seals, Fish and Man, eds. A.S. Blix, L. Walloe, and O. Ulltang. Elsevier
Science B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lydersen, C., M.O. Hammill, and K.M. Kovacs. 1995. Milk intake, growth and energy consumption
in pups of ice-breeding grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 164:585–592.
Lydersen, C. and K.M. Kovacs. 1996. Energetics of lactation in harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 166:295–304.
Lydersen, C., K.M. Kovacs, and M.O. Hammill. 1997. Energetics during nursing and early postweaning fasting in hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) pups from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada.
Journal of Comparative Physiology B 167:81–88.