164
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Kohin, S. 1998. Respiratory physiology of northern elephant seal pups: Adaptations for hypoxia,
hypercapnia and hypometabolism. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA.
Ladd, M., L.G. Raisz, C.H. Crowder, and L.B. Page. 1951. Filtration rate and water diuresis in the seal,
Phoca vitulina. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 38(2): 157–164.
Lanyon, J.M., K. Newgrain, and T.S.S. Alli. 2006. Estimation of water turnover rate in captive dugongs
(Dugong dugon). Aquatic Mammals 32(1): 103–108.
Le Bas, A.E. 2003. Renal handling of water, urea and electrolytes in wild South America fur seal
(Arctocephalus australis). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 2(1): 13–20.
Leon, B., A. Shkolnik, and T. Shkolnik. 1983. Temperature regulation and water metabolism in the
elephant shrew Elephantulus edwardi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology
74(2): 399–407.
Lester, C.W. and D.P. Costa. 2006. Water conservation in fasting northern elephant seals (Mirounga
angustirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology 209(21): 4283–4294.
Levin, E.R., D.G. Gardner, and W.K. Samson. 1998. Natriuretic peptides. New England Journal of
Medicine 339 (5): 321–328.
Lifson, N., G.B. Gordon, and R. McClintock. 1997. Measurement of total carbon dioxide production
by means of D2O181. Obesity Research 5(1): 78–84.
Lifson, N. and R. McClintock. 1966. Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring
energy and material balance. Journal of Theoretical Biology 12(1): 46–74.
Light, D.B., E.M. Schwiebert, K.H. Karlson, and B.A. Stanton. 1989. Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits
a cation channel in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Science 243(4889): 383–385.
Macfarlane, W.V., R.J.H. Morris, B. Howard, J. McDonald, and O.E. Budtz-Olsen. 1961. Water and
electrolyte changes in tropical merino sheep exposed to dehydration during summer. Crop and
Pasture Science 12(5): 889–912.
MacMillen, R.E. and A.K. Lee. 1969. Water metabolism of Australian hopping mice. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology 28(2): 493–514.
Maluf, N.S.R. 1989. Renal anatomy of the manatee, Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus). American Journal of
Anatomy 184(4): 269–286.
Maluf, N.S.R. and J.J. Gassman. 1998. Kidneys of the killer whale and significance of reniculism. The
Anatomical Record 250(1): 34–44.
Malvin, R.L., J.P. Bonjour, and S. Ridgway. 1971. Antidiuretic hormone levels in some cetaceans.
Experimental Biology and Medicine 136(4): 1203–1205.
Malvin, R.L. and M. Rayner. 1968. Renal function and blood chemistry in Cetacea. American Journal
of Physiology 214(1): 187–191.
Malvin, R.L., S. Ridgway, and L. Cornell. 1978. Renin and aldosterone levels in dolphins and sea
lions. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 157(4): 665–668.
Marsh, H., A.V. Spain, and G.E. Heinsohn. 1978. Physiology of the dugong. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology Part A: Physiology 61(2): 159–168.
Matsuura, D.T. and G.C. Whittow. 1974. Evaporative heat loss in the California sea lion and harbor
seal. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 48(1): 9–20.
McCormick, S.D. and D. Bradshaw. 2006. Hormonal control of salt and water balance in vertebrates.
General and Comparative Endocrinology 147(1): 3–8.
Medway, W., M.L. Bruss, J.L. Bengtson, and D.J. Black. 1982. Blood chemistry of the West Indian
manatee (Trichechus manatus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18(2): 229–234.
Meneely, G.R. and H.D. Battarbee. 1976. Sodium and potassium. Nutrition Reviews 34(8): 225–235.
Menon, G.K., S. Grayson, B.E. Brown, and P.M. Elias. 1986. Lipokeratinocytes of the epidermis of a
cetacean (Phocena phocena). Cell and Tissue Research 244(2): 385–394.
Meyer, W., J. Schmidt, J. Kacza, R. Busche, H.Y. Naim, and R. Jacob. 2011. Basic structural and functional characteristics of the epidermal barrier in wild mammals living in different habitats
and climates. European Journal of Wildlife Research 57(4): 873–885.
Miles, B.E., A. Paton, and H.E. De Wardener. 1954. Maximum urine concentration. British Medical
Journal 2(4893): 901–905.
Miyaji, K., K. Nagao, M. Bannai, H. Asakawa, K. Kohyama, D. Ohtsu, F. Terasawa, S. Ito, H. Iwao,
N. Ohtani, and M. Ohta. 2010. Characteristic metabolism of free amino acids in cetacean
plasma: Cluster analysis and comparison with mice. PLoS ONE 5(11): e13808.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Kohin, S. 1998. Respiratory physiology of northern elephant seal pups: Adaptations for hypoxia,
hypercapnia and hypometabolism. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA.
Ladd, M., L.G. Raisz, C.H. Crowder, and L.B. Page. 1951. Filtration rate and water diuresis in the seal,
Phoca vitulina. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology 38(2): 157–164.
Lanyon, J.M., K. Newgrain, and T.S.S. Alli. 2006. Estimation of water turnover rate in captive dugongs
(Dugong dugon). Aquatic Mammals 32(1): 103–108.
Le Bas, A.E. 2003. Renal handling of water, urea and electrolytes in wild South America fur seal
(Arctocephalus australis). Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 2(1): 13–20.
Leon, B., A. Shkolnik, and T. Shkolnik. 1983. Temperature regulation and water metabolism in the
elephant shrew Elephantulus edwardi. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology
74(2): 399–407.
Lester, C.W. and D.P. Costa. 2006. Water conservation in fasting northern elephant seals (Mirounga
angustirostris). Journal of Experimental Biology 209(21): 4283–4294.
Levin, E.R., D.G. Gardner, and W.K. Samson. 1998. Natriuretic peptides. New England Journal of
Medicine 339 (5): 321–328.
Lifson, N., G.B. Gordon, and R. McClintock. 1997. Measurement of total carbon dioxide production
by means of D2O181. Obesity Research 5(1): 78–84.
Lifson, N. and R. McClintock. 1966. Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring
energy and material balance. Journal of Theoretical Biology 12(1): 46–74.
Light, D.B., E.M. Schwiebert, K.H. Karlson, and B.A. Stanton. 1989. Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits
a cation channel in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Science 243(4889): 383–385.
Macfarlane, W.V., R.J.H. Morris, B. Howard, J. McDonald, and O.E. Budtz-Olsen. 1961. Water and
electrolyte changes in tropical merino sheep exposed to dehydration during summer. Crop and
Pasture Science 12(5): 889–912.
MacMillen, R.E. and A.K. Lee. 1969. Water metabolism of Australian hopping mice. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology 28(2): 493–514.
Maluf, N.S.R. 1989. Renal anatomy of the manatee, Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus). American Journal of
Anatomy 184(4): 269–286.
Maluf, N.S.R. and J.J. Gassman. 1998. Kidneys of the killer whale and significance of reniculism. The
Anatomical Record 250(1): 34–44.
Malvin, R.L., J.P. Bonjour, and S. Ridgway. 1971. Antidiuretic hormone levels in some cetaceans.
Experimental Biology and Medicine 136(4): 1203–1205.
Malvin, R.L. and M. Rayner. 1968. Renal function and blood chemistry in Cetacea. American Journal
of Physiology 214(1): 187–191.
Malvin, R.L., S. Ridgway, and L. Cornell. 1978. Renin and aldosterone levels in dolphins and sea
lions. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 157(4): 665–668.
Marsh, H., A.V. Spain, and G.E. Heinsohn. 1978. Physiology of the dugong. Comparative Biochemistry
and Physiology Part A: Physiology 61(2): 159–168.
Matsuura, D.T. and G.C. Whittow. 1974. Evaporative heat loss in the California sea lion and harbor
seal. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 48(1): 9–20.
McCormick, S.D. and D. Bradshaw. 2006. Hormonal control of salt and water balance in vertebrates.
General and Comparative Endocrinology 147(1): 3–8.
Medway, W., M.L. Bruss, J.L. Bengtson, and D.J. Black. 1982. Blood chemistry of the West Indian
manatee (Trichechus manatus). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 18(2): 229–234.
Meneely, G.R. and H.D. Battarbee. 1976. Sodium and potassium. Nutrition Reviews 34(8): 225–235.
Menon, G.K., S. Grayson, B.E. Brown, and P.M. Elias. 1986. Lipokeratinocytes of the epidermis of a
cetacean (Phocena phocena). Cell and Tissue Research 244(2): 385–394.
Meyer, W., J. Schmidt, J. Kacza, R. Busche, H.Y. Naim, and R. Jacob. 2011. Basic structural and functional characteristics of the epidermal barrier in wild mammals living in different habitats
and climates. European Journal of Wildlife Research 57(4): 873–885.
Miles, B.E., A. Paton, and H.E. De Wardener. 1954. Maximum urine concentration. British Medical
Journal 2(4893): 901–905.
Miyaji, K., K. Nagao, M. Bannai, H. Asakawa, K. Kohyama, D. Ohtsu, F. Terasawa, S. Ito, H. Iwao,
N. Ohtani, and M. Ohta. 2010. Characteristic metabolism of free amino acids in cetacean
plasma: Cluster analysis and comparison with mice. PLoS ONE 5(11): e13808.