2.2ISO/TC211
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2.2.2 Example of an ISO-compliant GIS
This section provides a basic understanding of the interrelation between the standards of the ISO 19100 family. This understanding is communicated via a small
tourism information GIS. This GIS is decomposed from the programmer's perspective in order to relate every component to an individual ISO 19100 standard and to
explain which details are standardised and which details are outside the scope of ISO
19100.
Characterisation of the example GIS
The example is a tourism-GIS as shown on the map in figure 2.2. It contains topographic data such as the lake, the woods, and the roads. It also contains the thematic data such as the delineated trails as hiking trails and the opening hours of the
theatre. The map is a partial representation of the data and their structure. The map
shows only the graphics. The other data might be shown by another type of map or
by an interactive program on the computer screen.
The following paragraphs summarise other information that belongs to the GIS
"alphanumerically". These data are typical for this kind of a GIS.
A company called "Tourism-GIS-Association" may be responsible for any aspect
related to the example GIS.
The GIS data, such as the topographic base map and the info centre of the local
community, have different origins. For instance, the geometry, inc1uding content information, may have been copied from a topographical base map. The state mapping
authority provided additional information about the last revision date and the geometric accuracy of the data. The local community may have supplied the delineation
of some of the trails as official hiking trails and the opening times of the campground
and the theatre.
From the programmer's point of view, the GIS may be decomposed in the components of data capture, data storage, and data display. In the tourism GIS, the data
capture has been completed by introducing the various components from other resources as mentioned above. We can assume that no extra data were surveyed in the
field for use in the GIS.
A database will be used for the data storage. The data are not simply lines as
shown on the map, but rather grouped into so-called objects like the theatre. Additional data, such as the opening hours, can be linked to this object. Another object is
the lake inc1uding the shoreline. The objects themselves consist of points, curves,
and surfaces and are defined by their coordinates. The mosaic of all objects with the
graphic type surface is equal to the complete area covered by the GIS.
A data editing component of the tourism GIS could inc1ude a user-accessible
function to compute, for example, the approximate lengths of the hiking trails. The
user may have to c1ick on the graphics of the trail to cause the system to display the
trail's length.
The functionality of the data display component is the shown map. In a general
sense, the display is controlled by a reference table that relates every type of object
to a graphic representation, such as two parallellines for the roads.
35
2.2.2 Example of an ISO-compliant GIS
This section provides a basic understanding of the interrelation between the standards of the ISO 19100 family. This understanding is communicated via a small
tourism information GIS. This GIS is decomposed from the programmer's perspective in order to relate every component to an individual ISO 19100 standard and to
explain which details are standardised and which details are outside the scope of ISO
19100.
Characterisation of the example GIS
The example is a tourism-GIS as shown on the map in figure 2.2. It contains topographic data such as the lake, the woods, and the roads. It also contains the thematic data such as the delineated trails as hiking trails and the opening hours of the
theatre. The map is a partial representation of the data and their structure. The map
shows only the graphics. The other data might be shown by another type of map or
by an interactive program on the computer screen.
The following paragraphs summarise other information that belongs to the GIS
"alphanumerically". These data are typical for this kind of a GIS.
A company called "Tourism-GIS-Association" may be responsible for any aspect
related to the example GIS.
The GIS data, such as the topographic base map and the info centre of the local
community, have different origins. For instance, the geometry, inc1uding content information, may have been copied from a topographical base map. The state mapping
authority provided additional information about the last revision date and the geometric accuracy of the data. The local community may have supplied the delineation
of some of the trails as official hiking trails and the opening times of the campground
and the theatre.
From the programmer's point of view, the GIS may be decomposed in the components of data capture, data storage, and data display. In the tourism GIS, the data
capture has been completed by introducing the various components from other resources as mentioned above. We can assume that no extra data were surveyed in the
field for use in the GIS.
A database will be used for the data storage. The data are not simply lines as
shown on the map, but rather grouped into so-called objects like the theatre. Additional data, such as the opening hours, can be linked to this object. Another object is
the lake inc1uding the shoreline. The objects themselves consist of points, curves,
and surfaces and are defined by their coordinates. The mosaic of all objects with the
graphic type surface is equal to the complete area covered by the GIS.
A data editing component of the tourism GIS could inc1ude a user-accessible
function to compute, for example, the approximate lengths of the hiking trails. The
user may have to c1ick on the graphics of the trail to cause the system to display the
trail's length.
The functionality of the data display component is the shown map. In a general
sense, the display is controlled by a reference table that relates every type of object
to a graphic representation, such as two parallellines for the roads.