Alternative Green Biofuel from Microalgae: A Promising Renewable Resource 265
Bligh, E.G. and W.J. Dyer. 1959. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 911–917.
Borodyanski, G. and I. Konstantinov. 2002. Microalgae separator apparatus and method. US Patent US 2002/0079270A1.
Borowitzka, M.A. 1999. Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters. J. Biotechnol. 70: 313–321.
Bosma, R., W.A. van Spronsen, J. Tramper and R.H. Wijffels. 2003. Ultrasound, a new separation technique to harvest
microalgae. J. Appl. Phycol. 15: 143–153.
BP, 2010. BP statistical review of world energy June 2010. UK, British Petroleum.
Brandl, H., R. Bachofen, J. Mayer and E. Wintermantel. 1995. Degradation and applications of polyhydoxyalkanoates. Can.
J. Microbiol. 41: 143–153.
Branyikova, I., B. Marsalkova, J. Doucha, T. Branyik, K. Bisova, V. Zachleder and M. Vitova. 2011. Microalgae-novel highly
efficient starch producers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 108: 766–776.
Brennan, L. and P. Owende. 2010. Biofuels from microalgae a review of technologies for production, processing, and extraction
of biofuels and co-products. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 14: 557–577.
Briens, C., J. Piskorz and F. Berruti. 2008. Biomass valorization for fuel and chemicals production—a review. International
Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 6: 1–49.
Bruton, T., H. Lyons, Y. Lerat, M. Stanley and M.B. Rasmussen. 2009. A review of the potential of marine algae as a source
of biofuel in Ireland. Sust. Energ. Ireland 1–88.
Bush, R.A. and K.M. Hall. 2006. Process for the production of ethanol from algae. U.S. Patent 7,135,308.
Cantrell, K.B., T. Ducey, K.S. Ro and P.G. Hunt. 2008. Livestock waste-to-bioenergy generation opportunities. Bioresour.
Technol. 99: 7941–7953.
Carlsson, A.S., J.V. Beilen, R. Moller and D. Clayton. 2007. Macro and Micro-algae: Utility for Industrial Applications,
University of York, UK.
Cassman, K.G. and A.J. Liska. 2007. Food and fuel for all: realistic or foolish? Biofuel Bioprod. Bior. 1: 18–23.
Champagne, P. 2007. Feasibility of producing bio-ethanol from waste residues: a Canadian perspective: feasibility of producing
bio-ethanol from waste residues in Canada. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 50: 211–230.
Chen, C.Y., K.L. Yeh, R. Aisyah, D.J. Lee and J.S. Chang. 2011. Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of
microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review. Bioresour. Technol. 102: 71–81.
Chen, F., Y. Zhang and S. Guo. 1996. Growth and phycocyanin formation of Spirulina platensis in photoheterotrophic culture.
Biotechnol. Lett. 18: 603–608.
Chen, J.W. and W.T. Wu. 2003. Regeneration of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase for transesterification. J. Biosci.
Bioeng. 95: 466–469.
Chinnasamy, S., A. Bhatnagar, R.W. Hunt and K.C. Das. 2010. Microalgae cultivation in a wastewater dominated by carpet
mill effluents for biofuel applications. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 3097–4105.
Chisti, Y. 2007. Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol. Adv. 25: 294–306.
Chiu, S.Y., C.Y. Kao, M.T. Tsai, S.C. Ong, C.H. Chen and C.S. Lin. 2009. Lipid accumulation and CO 2 utilization of
Nanochloropsis oculata in response to CO 2 aeration. Bioresour. Technol. 100: 833–838.
Choi, S.P., M.T. Nguyen and S.J. Sim. 2010. Enzymatic pretreatment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass for ethanol
production. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 5330–5336.
Chojnacka, K. and A. Noworyta. 2004. Evaluation of Spirulina sp. growth in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic
cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 34: 461–465.
Christenson, L. and R. Sims. 2011. Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts.
Biotechnol. Adv. 29: 686–702.
Chun, Y.C., X.Q. Zhao, H.W. Yen, S.H. Ho, C.L. Cheng, D.J. Lee, F.W. Bai and J.S. Chang. 2013. Microalgae-based
carbohydrates for biofuel production. Biochem. Eng. J. 78: 1–10.
Chynoweth, D.P. 2005. Renewable biomethane from land and ocean energy crops and organic wastes. Hortic. Sci. 40: 283–286.
Collet, P., A. Helias, L. Lardon, M. Ras, R.A. Goy and J.P. Steyer. 2011. Life‐cycle assessment of microalgae culture coupled
to biogas production. Bioresour. Technol. 102: 207–214.
Cooney, M., G. Young and N. Nagle. 2009. Extraction of bio-oils from microalgae. Sep. Purif. Rev. 38: 291–325.
Cravotto, G., L. Boffa, S. Mantegna and P. Perego. 2008. Improved extraction of vegetable oils under high-intensity ultrasound
and/or microwaves. Ultrason. Sonochem. 15: 898–902.
Custódio L., T. Justo, L. Silvestre, A. Barradas, C.V. Duarte, H. Pereira, L. Barreira, A.P. Rauter, F. Albericio and J. Varela.
2012. Microalgae of different phyla display antioxidant, metal chelating and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.
Food Chem. 131: 134–140.
Daroch, M. and M. Mos. 2011. Role of biotechnology in developing the bioenergy sector in Poland. BioTechnologia 92: 23–32.
Daroch, M., S. Geng and G. Wang. 2013. Recent advances in liquid biofuel production from algal feedstocks. Appl. Energ.
102: 1371–1381.
Dean, A.P., D.C. Sigee, B. Estrada and J.K. Pittman. 2010. Using FTIR spectroscopy for rapid determination of lipid
accumulation in response to nitrogen limitation in freshwater microalgae. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 4499–4507.
Demirbas, A. 2006. Oily products from mosses and algae via pyrolysis. Energ. Source Part A-Recovery Utilization and
Environmental Effects 28: 933–940.
Demirbas, A. 2008. Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections. Energy Convers. Manag.
49: 2106–2116.
Bligh, E.G. and W.J. Dyer. 1959. A rapid method for total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37: 911–917.
Borodyanski, G. and I. Konstantinov. 2002. Microalgae separator apparatus and method. US Patent US 2002/0079270A1.
Borowitzka, M.A. 1999. Commercial production of microalgae: ponds, tanks, tubes and fermenters. J. Biotechnol. 70: 313–321.
Bosma, R., W.A. van Spronsen, J. Tramper and R.H. Wijffels. 2003. Ultrasound, a new separation technique to harvest
microalgae. J. Appl. Phycol. 15: 143–153.
BP, 2010. BP statistical review of world energy June 2010. UK, British Petroleum.
Brandl, H., R. Bachofen, J. Mayer and E. Wintermantel. 1995. Degradation and applications of polyhydoxyalkanoates. Can.
J. Microbiol. 41: 143–153.
Branyikova, I., B. Marsalkova, J. Doucha, T. Branyik, K. Bisova, V. Zachleder and M. Vitova. 2011. Microalgae-novel highly
efficient starch producers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 108: 766–776.
Brennan, L. and P. Owende. 2010. Biofuels from microalgae a review of technologies for production, processing, and extraction
of biofuels and co-products. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 14: 557–577.
Briens, C., J. Piskorz and F. Berruti. 2008. Biomass valorization for fuel and chemicals production—a review. International
Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. 6: 1–49.
Bruton, T., H. Lyons, Y. Lerat, M. Stanley and M.B. Rasmussen. 2009. A review of the potential of marine algae as a source
of biofuel in Ireland. Sust. Energ. Ireland 1–88.
Bush, R.A. and K.M. Hall. 2006. Process for the production of ethanol from algae. U.S. Patent 7,135,308.
Cantrell, K.B., T. Ducey, K.S. Ro and P.G. Hunt. 2008. Livestock waste-to-bioenergy generation opportunities. Bioresour.
Technol. 99: 7941–7953.
Carlsson, A.S., J.V. Beilen, R. Moller and D. Clayton. 2007. Macro and Micro-algae: Utility for Industrial Applications,
University of York, UK.
Cassman, K.G. and A.J. Liska. 2007. Food and fuel for all: realistic or foolish? Biofuel Bioprod. Bior. 1: 18–23.
Champagne, P. 2007. Feasibility of producing bio-ethanol from waste residues: a Canadian perspective: feasibility of producing
bio-ethanol from waste residues in Canada. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 50: 211–230.
Chen, C.Y., K.L. Yeh, R. Aisyah, D.J. Lee and J.S. Chang. 2011. Cultivation, photobioreactor design and harvesting of
microalgae for biodiesel production: a critical review. Bioresour. Technol. 102: 71–81.
Chen, F., Y. Zhang and S. Guo. 1996. Growth and phycocyanin formation of Spirulina platensis in photoheterotrophic culture.
Biotechnol. Lett. 18: 603–608.
Chen, J.W. and W.T. Wu. 2003. Regeneration of immobilized Candida antarctica lipase for transesterification. J. Biosci.
Bioeng. 95: 466–469.
Chinnasamy, S., A. Bhatnagar, R.W. Hunt and K.C. Das. 2010. Microalgae cultivation in a wastewater dominated by carpet
mill effluents for biofuel applications. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 3097–4105.
Chisti, Y. 2007. Biodiesel from microalgae. Biotechnol. Adv. 25: 294–306.
Chiu, S.Y., C.Y. Kao, M.T. Tsai, S.C. Ong, C.H. Chen and C.S. Lin. 2009. Lipid accumulation and CO 2 utilization of
Nanochloropsis oculata in response to CO 2 aeration. Bioresour. Technol. 100: 833–838.
Choi, S.P., M.T. Nguyen and S.J. Sim. 2010. Enzymatic pretreatment of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii biomass for ethanol
production. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 5330–5336.
Chojnacka, K. and A. Noworyta. 2004. Evaluation of Spirulina sp. growth in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic
cultures. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 34: 461–465.
Christenson, L. and R. Sims. 2011. Production and harvesting of microalgae for wastewater treatment, biofuels, and bioproducts.
Biotechnol. Adv. 29: 686–702.
Chun, Y.C., X.Q. Zhao, H.W. Yen, S.H. Ho, C.L. Cheng, D.J. Lee, F.W. Bai and J.S. Chang. 2013. Microalgae-based
carbohydrates for biofuel production. Biochem. Eng. J. 78: 1–10.
Chynoweth, D.P. 2005. Renewable biomethane from land and ocean energy crops and organic wastes. Hortic. Sci. 40: 283–286.
Collet, P., A. Helias, L. Lardon, M. Ras, R.A. Goy and J.P. Steyer. 2011. Life‐cycle assessment of microalgae culture coupled
to biogas production. Bioresour. Technol. 102: 207–214.
Cooney, M., G. Young and N. Nagle. 2009. Extraction of bio-oils from microalgae. Sep. Purif. Rev. 38: 291–325.
Cravotto, G., L. Boffa, S. Mantegna and P. Perego. 2008. Improved extraction of vegetable oils under high-intensity ultrasound
and/or microwaves. Ultrason. Sonochem. 15: 898–902.
Custódio L., T. Justo, L. Silvestre, A. Barradas, C.V. Duarte, H. Pereira, L. Barreira, A.P. Rauter, F. Albericio and J. Varela.
2012. Microalgae of different phyla display antioxidant, metal chelating and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.
Food Chem. 131: 134–140.
Daroch, M. and M. Mos. 2011. Role of biotechnology in developing the bioenergy sector in Poland. BioTechnologia 92: 23–32.
Daroch, M., S. Geng and G. Wang. 2013. Recent advances in liquid biofuel production from algal feedstocks. Appl. Energ.
102: 1371–1381.
Dean, A.P., D.C. Sigee, B. Estrada and J.K. Pittman. 2010. Using FTIR spectroscopy for rapid determination of lipid
accumulation in response to nitrogen limitation in freshwater microalgae. Bioresour. Technol. 101: 4499–4507.
Demirbas, A. 2006. Oily products from mosses and algae via pyrolysis. Energ. Source Part A-Recovery Utilization and
Environmental Effects 28: 933–940.
Demirbas, A. 2008. Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections. Energy Convers. Manag.
49: 2106–2116.