238 Marine Macro- and Microalgae: An Overview
Table 2. Biofiltration efficiency of seaweed co-cultivated with other trophic species in land based IMTA systems.
Co-cultured species
Fed species
Volume & water
renovation
Recirculation (%)
Density (fw)
Duration
Production
g
dw
m
2
d
–1
N removal (%)
P removal
(%)
References
Ulva lactuca
Gracilaria conferta
Haliotis discus hannai
Sparus aurata
1200 L
0%
2.5g L
–1
(U.l.)
8–21 g L
–1
(G.c.)
1 yr
Oct-Oct
233 (fw U.l.)
38 (fw G.c.)
67% TAN (U.l.)
16% TAN (G.c.)
-
Neori et al. 2000
Ulva reticulata
Gracilaria crassa finfish
tidal outflow
channels
0%
3 kg.m
–2
6 wk
May-Oct
72 ± 53 U.r.
105 ± 60 G.c.
0.43 g m
–2
d
–1
(U.r.)
0.15 g m
–2
d
–1
(G.c.)
-
Msuya and Neori
2002
Ulva rotunda
S. aurata
1900 L
0.6 vol/h
2 mon
May & Sep
48
60% TAN
-
Mata and Santos
2003
Ulva lactuca
H. discus hannai
Paracentrotus lividus
S. aurata
12,000 L
0.3 vol/h
50%
1 kg.m
–2
47 d (Nov-Dec)
24 d (Feb-Mar)
94 (fw)
117 (fw)
70% TAN
20
Schuenhoff et al.
2003
Ulva rigida
S. aurata
110 L
2 vol/h
0%
4 g.L
–1
1 wk (Dec)
1 wk (May)
44
73
2.7 g m
–2
d
–1
5.1 g m
–2
d
–1
-
Mata et al. 2010
Ulva pertusa
Saccharina japonica
Gracilariopsis chorda
Sebastes schlegeli
600 L
100%
10 g.L
–1
7 d
-
22% TNO; 84%
NH
4
+
(U.p.)
65% TNO; 46%
NH
4
+
(S.j.)
35% TNO; 59%
NH
4
+
(G.c.)
30.6% (U.p.)
20.2% (S.j.)
38.1% (G.c.)
Kang et al. 2011
Asparagopsis armata
S. aurata
110 L
2 vol/h
9 mon
Out-Jul
63.7
85% TAN
Schuenhoff et al.
2006
Asparagopsis armata
S. aurata
110 L
2 vol/h
0%
5 g L
–1
1 wk (Dec)
1 wk (May)
71
125
2.8 g m
–2
d
–1
TAN
6.5 g m
–2
d
–1
TAN
-
Mata et al. 2010
Chondrus crispus
Scophthalmus maximus
Dicentrarchus labrax
1500 L
0.1 vol/h
1 mon:
May
Jul
8.4
36.6
14% TAN (May)
41% TAN (Jul)
Matos et al. 2006
Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Orhynchus mykiss
-
2.5 kg/m
3
(Aut/Win)
4.0 kg/m
3
(Spr/Sum)
13 mon
134
64% TAN
32
Buschmann et al.
1996
Table 2. Biofiltration efficiency of seaweed co-cultivated with other trophic species in land based IMTA systems.
Co-cultured species
Fed species
Volume & water
renovation
Recirculation (%)
Density (fw)
Duration
Production
g
dw
m
2
d
–1
N removal (%)
P removal
(%)
References
Ulva lactuca
Gracilaria conferta
Haliotis discus hannai
Sparus aurata
1200 L
0%
2.5g L
–1
(U.l.)
8–21 g L
–1
(G.c.)
1 yr
Oct-Oct
233 (fw U.l.)
38 (fw G.c.)
67% TAN (U.l.)
16% TAN (G.c.)
-
Neori et al. 2000
Ulva reticulata
Gracilaria crassa finfish
tidal outflow
channels
0%
3 kg.m
–2
6 wk
May-Oct
72 ± 53 U.r.
105 ± 60 G.c.
0.43 g m
–2
d
–1
(U.r.)
0.15 g m
–2
d
–1
(G.c.)
-
Msuya and Neori
2002
Ulva rotunda
S. aurata
1900 L
0.6 vol/h
2 mon
May & Sep
48
60% TAN
-
Mata and Santos
2003
Ulva lactuca
H. discus hannai
Paracentrotus lividus
S. aurata
12,000 L
0.3 vol/h
50%
1 kg.m
–2
47 d (Nov-Dec)
24 d (Feb-Mar)
94 (fw)
117 (fw)
70% TAN
20
Schuenhoff et al.
2003
Ulva rigida
S. aurata
110 L
2 vol/h
0%
4 g.L
–1
1 wk (Dec)
1 wk (May)
44
73
2.7 g m
–2
d
–1
5.1 g m
–2
d
–1
-
Mata et al. 2010
Ulva pertusa
Saccharina japonica
Gracilariopsis chorda
Sebastes schlegeli
600 L
100%
10 g.L
–1
7 d
-
22% TNO; 84%
NH
4
+
(U.p.)
65% TNO; 46%
NH
4
+
(S.j.)
35% TNO; 59%
NH
4
+
(G.c.)
30.6% (U.p.)
20.2% (S.j.)
38.1% (G.c.)
Kang et al. 2011
Asparagopsis armata
S. aurata
110 L
2 vol/h
9 mon
Out-Jul
63.7
85% TAN
Schuenhoff et al.
2006
Asparagopsis armata
S. aurata
110 L
2 vol/h
0%
5 g L
–1
1 wk (Dec)
1 wk (May)
71
125
2.8 g m
–2
d
–1
TAN
6.5 g m
–2
d
–1
TAN
-
Mata et al. 2010
Chondrus crispus
Scophthalmus maximus
Dicentrarchus labrax
1500 L
0.1 vol/h
1 mon:
May
Jul
8.4
36.6
14% TAN (May)
41% TAN (Jul)
Matos et al. 2006
Gracilaria vermiculophylla
Oncorhynchus kisutch
Orhynchus mykiss
-
2.5 kg/m
3
(Aut/Win)
4.0 kg/m
3
(Spr/Sum)
13 mon
134
64% TAN
32
Buschmann et al.
1996