Parameterization of Convective Boundary Layer Turbulence and Clouds
125
Gregory, D. 1997. Sensitivity of general circulation model performance to convective parameterization. In The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection, ed.
R. K. Smith, NATO ASI Series C. 505. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the
Netherlands.
Gregory, D. 2001. Estimation of entrainment rate in simple models of convective clouds.
Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 127:53–72.
Grinell, S. A., C. S. Bretherton, D. E. Stevens, and A. M. Fraser. 1996. Vertical mass fl ux
calculations in Hawaiian trade cumulus clouds from dual-Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Sci.
53:1870–1886.
Hanson, H. 1991. Marine stratocumulus climatologies. Int. J. Climatol. 11:147–164.
Hignett, P. 1991. Observations of the diurnal variation in a cloud-capped marine boundary
layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 48:1474–1482.
Högström, U. 1990. Analysis of turbulence structures in the surface layer with a modifi ed
similarity formulation for near neutral conditions. J. Atmos. Sci. 47:1949–1972.
Hojstrup, J. 1982. Velocity spectra in the unstable planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 46,
2178–2207.
Holtslag, A. A. M. 1998. Modelling of atmospheric boundary layers. In Clear and Cloudy
Boundary Layers, eds. A.A.M. Holtslag and P.G. Duynkerke. Royal Netherlands
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 85–110.
Holtslag, A. A. M. and B. A. Boville. 1993. Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in
a global climate model. J. Climate. 6:1825–1842.
Holtslag, A. A. M. and C.-H. Moeng. 1991. Eddy diffusivity and countergradient transport in
the convective atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 48:1640–1698.
Holtslag, A. A. M., E. I. F. de Bruijn, and H.-L. Pan. 1990. A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev. 92:1561–1575.
Holtslag, A. A. M., E. van Meijaard, and W. C. de Rooy. 1995. A comparison of boundary-layer
diffusion schemes in unstable conditions over land. Bound. Layer Meteorol. 76:69–95.
Jensen, J. B., P. H. Austin, M. B. Baker, and A. M. Blyth. 1985. Turbulent mixing, spectral
evolution and dynamics in a warm cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 42:173–192.
Jonas, P. R. 1990. Observations of cumulus cloud entrainment. Atmos. Res. 25:105–127.
Kain, J. S. and J. M. Fritsch. 1993. Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The
Kain and Fritsch scheme. Meteorol. Monogr. 46:165–170.
Klein, S. and D. Hartmann. 1993. The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate.
6:1587–1606.
Kropfl i, R. A. and P. H. Hildebrand. 1980. Three-dimensional wind measurement in the optically
clear planetary boundary layer with dual-Doppler radar. Radio Sci. 15(2):283–296.
Kuettner, J. P. and J. Holland. 1969. The BOMEX project. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
50:394–402.
Lafore, J.-P., J. Stein, N. Asensio, P. Bougeault, V. Ducrocq, J. Duron, C. Fischer, et al. 1998.
The Meso-NH atmospheric simulation system. Part 1: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Ann. Geophys. 16:90–109.
Larson, K., D. L. Hartmann, and S. A. Klein. 1999. On the role of clouds, water vapor, circulation and boundary layer structure on the sensitivity of the tropical climate. J. Climate.
12:2359–2374.
Larson V. E., R. Wood, P. R. Field, J.-C. Golaz, T. H. Vonder Haar and W. R. Cotton. 2001.
Small-scale and mesoscale variability of scalars in cloudy boundary layers: Onedimensional probability density functions. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, N14, 1978–1994.
Lenderink, G. and A. P. Siebesma. 2000. Combining the mass fl ux approach with a statistical cloud scheme, In Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Boundary Layers and
Turbulence. Aspen, pp. 66–69.
Lenderink, G., A. P. Siebesma, S. Cheinet, S. Irons, C. Jones, P. Marquet, F. Muller,
D. Olmeda, E. Sanchez, and P. M. M. Soares. 2004. The diurnal cycle of shallow Cumulus
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
125
Gregory, D. 1997. Sensitivity of general circulation model performance to convective parameterization. In The Physics and Parameterization of Moist Atmospheric Convection, ed.
R. K. Smith, NATO ASI Series C. 505. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the
Netherlands.
Gregory, D. 2001. Estimation of entrainment rate in simple models of convective clouds.
Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 127:53–72.
Grinell, S. A., C. S. Bretherton, D. E. Stevens, and A. M. Fraser. 1996. Vertical mass fl ux
calculations in Hawaiian trade cumulus clouds from dual-Doppler radar. J. Atmos. Sci.
53:1870–1886.
Hanson, H. 1991. Marine stratocumulus climatologies. Int. J. Climatol. 11:147–164.
Hignett, P. 1991. Observations of the diurnal variation in a cloud-capped marine boundary
layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 48:1474–1482.
Högström, U. 1990. Analysis of turbulence structures in the surface layer with a modifi ed
similarity formulation for near neutral conditions. J. Atmos. Sci. 47:1949–1972.
Hojstrup, J. 1982. Velocity spectra in the unstable planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 46,
2178–2207.
Holtslag, A. A. M. 1998. Modelling of atmospheric boundary layers. In Clear and Cloudy
Boundary Layers, eds. A.A.M. Holtslag and P.G. Duynkerke. Royal Netherlands
Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, pp. 85–110.
Holtslag, A. A. M. and B. A. Boville. 1993. Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in
a global climate model. J. Climate. 6:1825–1842.
Holtslag, A. A. M. and C.-H. Moeng. 1991. Eddy diffusivity and countergradient transport in
the convective atmospheric boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci. 48:1640–1698.
Holtslag, A. A. M., E. I. F. de Bruijn, and H.-L. Pan. 1990. A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev. 92:1561–1575.
Holtslag, A. A. M., E. van Meijaard, and W. C. de Rooy. 1995. A comparison of boundary-layer
diffusion schemes in unstable conditions over land. Bound. Layer Meteorol. 76:69–95.
Jensen, J. B., P. H. Austin, M. B. Baker, and A. M. Blyth. 1985. Turbulent mixing, spectral
evolution and dynamics in a warm cumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 42:173–192.
Jonas, P. R. 1990. Observations of cumulus cloud entrainment. Atmos. Res. 25:105–127.
Kain, J. S. and J. M. Fritsch. 1993. Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The
Kain and Fritsch scheme. Meteorol. Monogr. 46:165–170.
Klein, S. and D. Hartmann. 1993. The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate.
6:1587–1606.
Kropfl i, R. A. and P. H. Hildebrand. 1980. Three-dimensional wind measurement in the optically
clear planetary boundary layer with dual-Doppler radar. Radio Sci. 15(2):283–296.
Kuettner, J. P. and J. Holland. 1969. The BOMEX project. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc.
50:394–402.
Lafore, J.-P., J. Stein, N. Asensio, P. Bougeault, V. Ducrocq, J. Duron, C. Fischer, et al. 1998.
The Meso-NH atmospheric simulation system. Part 1: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Ann. Geophys. 16:90–109.
Larson, K., D. L. Hartmann, and S. A. Klein. 1999. On the role of clouds, water vapor, circulation and boundary layer structure on the sensitivity of the tropical climate. J. Climate.
12:2359–2374.
Larson V. E., R. Wood, P. R. Field, J.-C. Golaz, T. H. Vonder Haar and W. R. Cotton. 2001.
Small-scale and mesoscale variability of scalars in cloudy boundary layers: Onedimensional probability density functions. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, N14, 1978–1994.
Lenderink, G. and A. P. Siebesma. 2000. Combining the mass fl ux approach with a statistical cloud scheme, In Proceedings of the 14th Symposium on Boundary Layers and
Turbulence. Aspen, pp. 66–69.
Lenderink, G., A. P. Siebesma, S. Cheinet, S. Irons, C. Jones, P. Marquet, F. Muller,
D. Olmeda, E. Sanchez, and P. M. M. Soares. 2004. The diurnal cycle of shallow Cumulus
© 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC