430
(LH.J. Lamers
problème de l‘hêtër0gëneitê des lymphocytes de carpes—
A l'heure actuelle, la
classification
dichotomique des lymphocytes, basée sur des critères fonction—
els
et
morphologique est presque définitivement établie°
Les
organes
lympho—
ides
les
plus importants sont le thymus, le rein et la rate alors que le rôle
de
l'intestin
est
peut être sous—estimé.
En ce
qui concerne
la
stimulation
antigénique,
le
rein et
la
rate
sont
impliqués
autant
dans
le
traitement de
l‘antigëne que dans la réponse humorale°
Les
cyprinides possèdent
une
seule
classe d'immunoglobulines,
une
IgM
tétramërea
Ces
structures
et
ces
fonc—
tions
ont
été
largement
étudiées.
Il
existe
moins
d'informations
sur
l'immunité â médiation cellulaire, â l‘exception des rejets d'allogreffes°
La
mémoire immunologique peut être établie aussi bien lors de la réponse
immuni—
taire
humorale que cellulaire.
Il a été prouvé récemment qu'il existe des me—
canismes
de régulation immunitaire comparables à ceux des mammifères, incluant
les mécanismes helper et suppresseurs et les lymphokines°
De plus, le système
immunitaire des
cyprinidés est dependant de l'environnement Spécialement de la
température.
Les
connaissance actuelles
sur
le
système immunitaire des cypri—
nidés, concernant le développement de l'immunocompétence d'un
antigène
selon
sa
nature,
sa
dose
et
sa
voie
d‘administration pour induire une mémoire immu—
nologique, constituent une base solide pour le réussite de la vaccination.
INTRODUCTION
It has
been known since
the
beginning of this century that
teleost
fish
are
capable to respond upon antigenic stimulation with specific antibody production.
These
early studies were performed in order to obtain protective im—
munity
against epizootic diseases in cultured fish.
However, during the fol—
lowing 40—50 years these problems received less attention.
It
is
just
during
the
last decades, in which fish farming has gone trough a rapid expansion that
_
there has grown a considerable interest in this
subject.
To
day it
has
been
recognized that vaccination is a good alternative for treatment with antibiotics
and
chemotherapeutics.
Vaccination procedures will only be effective when
enough
information is available on the basic properties of the defence system
of
teleosts.
In
this
respect the requirements for the development of
immuno—
logical memory and the knowledge on immunological maturation of young fish are
important aspectsThe
remarkable development in the area of teleost immunology has also been stimulated by comparative immunologists.
Their
research has
significantly contributed to the understanding of immune mechanisms in
general.
MOÏ€0VGÏ, fiSh offered e—g.
the unique possibility of studying the early
development of immune mechanisms in free living organisme, and
of
dissecting
certain
stages
in
the immune response using the temperature as experimental
tool.
Cyprinids form with 1600 species the largest teleost family°
Their relative
importance
in
fish
culture and ornamental fish industry is beyond any
.doubt.
Some
representatives of this family e.g.
goldfish (Carassius auratus)
and
carp
(ÊZEEÈEBÊ_EË£EÈQ) appear to be excellent experimental animals
for immunological studies.
This paper will review the present
day
knowledge
defence
mechanisms
Of
CYPrinid fish.
The general outlines of this
Wlll be given with special attention to aspects dealing with fish vacci—
nation.
NON—SPECIFIC DEFENCE
In addition to the specific immune mechanisms, teleost fish
possess
naturally
?CCuïring,
non—immunoglobulin,
humoral substances, and non—lymphoid
CÊ118>
Wh1Ch provide a kind of natural resistance of the
fish
to
'infectiouS
disease3.
In
recent
revieWS
the whole range of substances and mechanisms of
the
defence of fish have been described
(Ingram,
1980;
Ellis,
(LH.J. Lamers
problème de l‘hêtër0gëneitê des lymphocytes de carpes—
A l'heure actuelle, la
classification
dichotomique des lymphocytes, basée sur des critères fonction—
els
et
morphologique est presque définitivement établie°
Les
organes
lympho—
ides
les
plus importants sont le thymus, le rein et la rate alors que le rôle
de
l'intestin
est
peut être sous—estimé.
En ce
qui concerne
la
stimulation
antigénique,
le
rein et
la
rate
sont
impliqués
autant
dans
le
traitement de
l‘antigëne que dans la réponse humorale°
Les
cyprinides possèdent
une
seule
classe d'immunoglobulines,
une
IgM
tétramërea
Ces
structures
et
ces
fonc—
tions
ont
été
largement
étudiées.
Il
existe
moins
d'informations
sur
l'immunité â médiation cellulaire, â l‘exception des rejets d'allogreffes°
La
mémoire immunologique peut être établie aussi bien lors de la réponse
immuni—
taire
humorale que cellulaire.
Il a été prouvé récemment qu'il existe des me—
canismes
de régulation immunitaire comparables à ceux des mammifères, incluant
les mécanismes helper et suppresseurs et les lymphokines°
De plus, le système
immunitaire des
cyprinidés est dependant de l'environnement Spécialement de la
température.
Les
connaissance actuelles
sur
le
système immunitaire des cypri—
nidés, concernant le développement de l'immunocompétence d'un
antigène
selon
sa
nature,
sa
dose
et
sa
voie
d‘administration pour induire une mémoire immu—
nologique, constituent une base solide pour le réussite de la vaccination.
INTRODUCTION
It has
been known since
the
beginning of this century that
teleost
fish
are
capable to respond upon antigenic stimulation with specific antibody production.
These
early studies were performed in order to obtain protective im—
munity
against epizootic diseases in cultured fish.
However, during the fol—
lowing 40—50 years these problems received less attention.
It
is
just
during
the
last decades, in which fish farming has gone trough a rapid expansion that
_
there has grown a considerable interest in this
subject.
To
day it
has
been
recognized that vaccination is a good alternative for treatment with antibiotics
and
chemotherapeutics.
Vaccination procedures will only be effective when
enough
information is available on the basic properties of the defence system
of
teleosts.
In
this
respect the requirements for the development of
immuno—
logical memory and the knowledge on immunological maturation of young fish are
important aspectsThe
remarkable development in the area of teleost immunology has also been stimulated by comparative immunologists.
Their
research has
significantly contributed to the understanding of immune mechanisms in
general.
MOÏ€0VGÏ, fiSh offered e—g.
the unique possibility of studying the early
development of immune mechanisms in free living organisme, and
of
dissecting
certain
stages
in
the immune response using the temperature as experimental
tool.
Cyprinids form with 1600 species the largest teleost family°
Their relative
importance
in
fish
culture and ornamental fish industry is beyond any
.doubt.
Some
representatives of this family e.g.
goldfish (Carassius auratus)
and
carp
(ÊZEEÈEBÊ_EË£EÈQ) appear to be excellent experimental animals
for immunological studies.
This paper will review the present
day
knowledge
defence
mechanisms
Of
CYPrinid fish.
The general outlines of this
Wlll be given with special attention to aspects dealing with fish vacci—
nation.
NON—SPECIFIC DEFENCE
In addition to the specific immune mechanisms, teleost fish
possess
naturally
?CCuïring,
non—immunoglobulin,
humoral substances, and non—lymphoid
CÊ118>
Wh1Ch provide a kind of natural resistance of the
fish
to
'infectiouS
disease3.
In
recent
revieWS
the whole range of substances and mechanisms of
the
defence of fish have been described
(Ingram,
1980;
Ellis,