infegraîed caro farming in Asian country
385
through sewage utilization. Very high production to the tune of 7—10 T/ha/yr
have been obtained in many countries
such as
Taiwan and India.
However, such
fish
may
be
used
profitably for fish meal production to avoid public health
hazard.
QUANTIFICATION OF BY PRODUCT UTILIZATION
Quantification of byproduct utilization through different farming sys—
tem
in
integrated
farming differs
in
different
agroclimatic conditions as
well
as
with
the
crop,
livestock
and
fish
species.
However,
certain
gross
relationship based mostly on experiences in China are enumerated below :
1.
One
ton
of
pond humus is equivalent to 6 kg of ammonium sulphate. ln—
tensively cultured pond produces about 300—450 T of humus and silt/ha/yr.
2.
Mulberry trees grown on pond embankments using pond humus and silt as
manure
can
produce
30—75
T
of
leaves/ha.
The
same
pond dyke area in
winter, when the mulberry trees are in dormant state, can produce vege—
tableeä 45—75 T/ha.
3.
About
30—75
17
of
mulberry leaves can produce 18—45 T of sericulture
wastes
and excrement.
4.
With
18—45
T
of
excrement
and
wastes
from sericulture, about 2 tonnes
of fish can be produced without any additional feed or fertilizer.
5.
45—75
TT
of
vegetables
produced by inter—cropping with mulberry,
can
yield additional of over 1 T fish and thus total production of fish of
fish
and
thus
total
production of fish of over 3 T/ha without any in—
vestment over
feed and
fertilizer.
6Sugarcane and vegetables on pond dykes in rotation yields 150—225 T/ha
of
sugarcane
with
150-225
T
of
sugarcane
leaves,
using pond humus and
silt.
’
In addition, 45 T of vegetables can be produced.
7The
total
produce of sugarcane leaves and vegetables can yield about
2
T
of
fish/ha without any additional investment on feed and fertili—
zer.
.
8.
Fish in paddy—fields increases about 10 % of paddy production.
9It is
also experienced in some countries that 60—70 kg
of grass and ve—
getable
tops
produce
about
1
kg Of grêSS
carp
and
its
faecal
matter
provides adequate feed for three other fish.
10.
50
kg of molluscs produce 1 kg of black carp«
100 kg Of fertiledwaîeî
(77 % residues
of
bean
curd
and
23
% res1dues of fermented pro uc s
produce 1 kg of silver carp.
11.
Duck
rearing with fish doubles the fish production in Pondsed
in
ponds have better feather quality than when they are re
pens.
u
385
through sewage utilization. Very high production to the tune of 7—10 T/ha/yr
have been obtained in many countries
such as
Taiwan and India.
However, such
fish
may
be
used
profitably for fish meal production to avoid public health
hazard.
QUANTIFICATION OF BY PRODUCT UTILIZATION
Quantification of byproduct utilization through different farming sys—
tem
in
integrated
farming differs
in
different
agroclimatic conditions as
well
as
with
the
crop,
livestock
and
fish
species.
However,
certain
gross
relationship based mostly on experiences in China are enumerated below :
1.
One
ton
of
pond humus is equivalent to 6 kg of ammonium sulphate. ln—
tensively cultured pond produces about 300—450 T of humus and silt/ha/yr.
2.
Mulberry trees grown on pond embankments using pond humus and silt as
manure
can
produce
30—75
T
of
leaves/ha.
The
same
pond dyke area in
winter, when the mulberry trees are in dormant state, can produce vege—
tableeä 45—75 T/ha.
3.
About
30—75
17
of
mulberry leaves can produce 18—45 T of sericulture
wastes
and excrement.
4.
With
18—45
T
of
excrement
and
wastes
from sericulture, about 2 tonnes
of fish can be produced without any additional feed or fertilizer.
5.
45—75
TT
of
vegetables
produced by inter—cropping with mulberry,
can
yield additional of over 1 T fish and thus total production of fish of
fish
and
thus
total
production of fish of over 3 T/ha without any in—
vestment over
feed and
fertilizer.
6Sugarcane and vegetables on pond dykes in rotation yields 150—225 T/ha
of
sugarcane
with
150-225
T
of
sugarcane
leaves,
using pond humus and
silt.
’
In addition, 45 T of vegetables can be produced.
7The
total
produce of sugarcane leaves and vegetables can yield about
2
T
of
fish/ha without any additional investment on feed and fertili—
zer.
.
8.
Fish in paddy—fields increases about 10 % of paddy production.
9It is
also experienced in some countries that 60—70 kg
of grass and ve—
getable
tops
produce
about
1
kg Of grêSS
carp
and
its
faecal
matter
provides adequate feed for three other fish.
10.
50
kg of molluscs produce 1 kg of black carp«
100 kg Of fertiledwaîeî
(77 % residues
of
bean
curd
and
23
% res1dues of fermented pro uc s
produce 1 kg of silver carp.
11.
Duck
rearing with fish doubles the fish production in Pondsed
in
ponds have better feather quality than when they are re
pens.
u