384
«
—=-V.'R.P.Sinha*
-
1.
China
'
,
The
example of pond dyke system of integrated farming in
River
Delta
in
China
built
up
by several large rivers is an
(Ruddle et al., 1983). Most of the production pond have rectangular or süäë
shape, permitting more efficient natural or mechanical aeration of therwatem.
The
water
depth ranges
from
2
to
3
m.
The
single most important commoditÿ
produced by the dyke—pond system of Shunde Country is fish. On the basis of
dominant
crop
grown,
four
different
types
of
dykes production
recognized : mulberry,sugarcane, fruit and miscellaneous crop. Usually, dykes
of
6—10
m
wide
and 0.5—0.7
m
high above the level of the pond surface are
considered ideal.
,
Under
natural
condition,
the
pond bottom is enriched by
organic matter through dyke erosion and organic load. This process is
rupted 2—8 times a year when the pond mud is used to fertilize the crop on
dyke and to built up the upper surface of the dyke. Pond mud is also
make
mudbeds
for
mushroom
cultivation
on
the
floor of the Silk
winter,
when
silkworms
cannot
be
raised.
Mulberry and sugarcane planted in
alternate
years
are
the
main
cropping
system,. wherein
mulberry« cutting
planted on dykes are fertilized with pond mud and irrigated with nutrient—
rich
pond water.
Mulberry provides leaves for silkworm, bark to make paper
and pruned branches to use as stick for vegetable and also as fuel
silkworm
reared
in
sheds
provide
cocoons
f0r
yarn production, the‘bocôôn
waste
and dead larvae provide feed to the fish and ehrich the fish pohdf
silkworm excrement
is>used
in
the
p0nds as fiSh feed. As has been indiCätë
before,
the
mushrooms
are
cultivated
‘
On'mÜdbed
on
the
floor
of
the
silkworm
rearing bed during the off—season of silkworm
production…. After raising mushroom,
the
rich
mudbet
is
used
to
fertilize
thewdyke
fruit trees äñd
grasses.
Smäll«grooves of bamboo are also a fundamental part of the
Sugarcane,. some
is
biennially -rotatèd‘ Wifh
and
pig, old leaves for shading
and
Besides
sugar for human consumption, refinery wastes are used for animal
fish feed.
Pig—sties constructed on the dykes provide faeces and urine
fertilize the pond (Ruddäe et al., 1983).
‘
…
2.
India
,
'
.
pond
embankment
for
papaya,
COCOnut, banana plantation-and at times for
x
.
>
î>1—-L
>
?
ït…<:
FISH‘ÇÇïAND“ SEWAGË 1 1“‘ @f
;:ëîÉ….j… .:"— t‘l'
>,»
{:
,‘
;>“iï
‘Çï
f, "a ,? e…“!
> Ï j
J
;
zî
—Ïï’
cWàs=tè> '
“»«by “Human commu- >
_
ldhlghpotentials for Lï:b‘ô@è ting %irs
Th ë“‘r'
den—
Si‘-‘Cy«êi
watewpmas '?is‘
’
mcreasmgï
V
…
pfôäùatîbh, :…"; 5
>: >>>: :
«
—=-V.'R.P.Sinha*
-
1.
China
'
,
The
example of pond dyke system of integrated farming in
River
Delta
in
China
built
up
by several large rivers is an
(Ruddle et al., 1983). Most of the production pond have rectangular or süäë
shape, permitting more efficient natural or mechanical aeration of therwatem.
The
water
depth ranges
from
2
to
3
m.
The
single most important commoditÿ
produced by the dyke—pond system of Shunde Country is fish. On the basis of
dominant
crop
grown,
four
different
types
of
dykes production
recognized : mulberry,sugarcane, fruit and miscellaneous crop. Usually, dykes
of
6—10
m
wide
and 0.5—0.7
m
high above the level of the pond surface are
considered ideal.
,
Under
natural
condition,
the
pond bottom is enriched by
organic matter through dyke erosion and organic load. This process is
rupted 2—8 times a year when the pond mud is used to fertilize the crop on
dyke and to built up the upper surface of the dyke. Pond mud is also
make
mudbeds
for
mushroom
cultivation
on
the
floor of the Silk
winter,
when
silkworms
cannot
be
raised.
Mulberry and sugarcane planted in
alternate
years
are
the
main
cropping
system,. wherein
mulberry« cutting
planted on dykes are fertilized with pond mud and irrigated with nutrient—
rich
pond water.
Mulberry provides leaves for silkworm, bark to make paper
and pruned branches to use as stick for vegetable and also as fuel
silkworm
reared
in
sheds
provide
cocoons
f0r
yarn production, the‘bocôôn
waste
and dead larvae provide feed to the fish and ehrich the fish pohdf
silkworm excrement
is>used
in
the
p0nds as fiSh feed. As has been indiCätë
before,
the
mushrooms
are
cultivated
‘
On'mÜdbed
on
the
floor
of
the
silkworm
rearing bed during the off—season of silkworm
production…. After raising mushroom,
the
rich
mudbet
is
used
to
fertilize
thewdyke
fruit trees äñd
grasses.
Smäll«grooves of bamboo are also a fundamental part of the
Sugarcane,. some
is
biennially -rotatèd‘ Wifh
and
pig, old leaves for shading
and
Besides
sugar for human consumption, refinery wastes are used for animal
fish feed.
Pig—sties constructed on the dykes provide faeces and urine
fertilize the pond (Ruddäe et al., 1983).
‘
…
2.
India
,
'
.
pond
embankment
for
papaya,
COCOnut, banana plantation-and at times for
x
.
>
î>1—-L
>
?
ït…<:
FISH‘ÇÇïAND“ SEWAGË 1 1“‘ @f
;:ëîÉ….j… .:"— t‘l'
>,»
{:
,‘
;>“iï
‘Çï
f, "a ,? e…“!
> Ï j
J
;
zî
—Ïï’
cWàs=tè> '
“»«by “Human commu- >
_
ldhlghpotentials for Lï:b‘ô@è ting %irs
Th ë“‘r'
den—
Si‘-‘Cy«êi
watewpmas '?is‘
’
mcreasmgï
V
…
pfôäùatîbh, :…"; 5
>: >>>: :