378
VRP. Sinha
”};3;
INTRODUCTION
"
“‘
Asia
has
been
the
cradle
of
integrated
carp—crop—live—stock
systems mainly based on empirical knowledge of the farmers. The systems helb__
poor fisherman and small farmers who are having small holdings for
duction
and
a
few
heads
of
livestock
to
diversify their farm production,
increase
cash
income,
improve quality and quantity of food produced andèx—
ploit unutilized resources
particularly labour and waste.
The
highly
relevant
to
over
2000 million poor people
and
having
farm,
for
example,
60
% of the farmers
in
Bangladesh have less tha
size, 60 % of Indian farmers have only 2—4 ha, 46 % of land holding is 1'lge‘s‘s
than 0,5 ha in Indonesia (Delmendo, 1983). These mixed farms in Asia posséés
about
500
million
cattle
and
buffalo
comprising about 90 % of the rumiryàht‘
animal
of
the
world
and about 400 million sheep and goat,
which
titute about 50 % of the world population (Puri, 1983).
Though there are several successful practices of integrated fish fär—
ming in China and other South and South—east Asian countries, the
'“
“
farming using synergising scientific integration of agriculture, aquaculture“;
and livestock farming are note yet wide—spread in the region. While plannenS
and
administrat0rs
have
realized
the
importance of such farming
is
essential
that
scientific
research
should
be
directed
to
upgrade th?
existing
technology
and
evolve
appropriate
technology after
socio—economic and other production constraints under varying conditions.
Further, large—scale integration of carp culture with irrigation and sewîäÎ'g‘ë
utilisation are to be viewed seriously both for economic and ecological…reasons
(Sinha,
1979).
Certain successful case studies have been incorporated
__
indicating potentiality as.well as
constraints of such
system,
would throw light on the necessity of future backup of these
.
in terms of scientific as well as service support.
PRINCIPLES ,OF »INTEGRATED3FARMING j
'
“
,
,
? U;"j;_…-…“ "
;;
As
it is well known,that to uti;lize_all the ecological niches, available
‘
-
in» the»
a. Synergie, combination of camps has » been ,in vogue;;g,‘in
normally ,polyculture of carp involving a surface feeder,çcQïlumn
bottom
_undertaken successfully.
This
unique
,
,
and
two
species of
in utilizing not only the ‘Water‘column at different depth but as
different types of food available in
water ranging from th‘?
algae to macr0phyte and benthos to
’
“
The wet land Of PaddY—field is congehial to many
ThQse,…breeding
have adhesive“ 'egéà'fâÆ ar'e'îi
“°ma‘lly ;.laid,
‘bWO
WhQŒ?S… Shallow
»
.«the
-
? Î
The
has considerêble
°-‘fï'
rise to »,—»énônmous
…
and* mfactserves as za r1chly laid àtêbleçaîor ;.»iÏiîÿ “fañ,d,
,
.
_…
“…;
,
…
…
VRP. Sinha
”};3;
INTRODUCTION
"
“‘
Asia
has
been
the
cradle
of
integrated
carp—crop—live—stock
systems mainly based on empirical knowledge of the farmers. The systems helb__
poor fisherman and small farmers who are having small holdings for
duction
and
a
few
heads
of
livestock
to
diversify their farm production,
increase
cash
income,
improve quality and quantity of food produced andèx—
ploit unutilized resources
particularly labour and waste.
The
highly
relevant
to
over
2000 million poor people
and
having
farm,
for
example,
60
% of the farmers
in
Bangladesh have less tha
size, 60 % of Indian farmers have only 2—4 ha, 46 % of land holding is 1'lge‘s‘s
than 0,5 ha in Indonesia (Delmendo, 1983). These mixed farms in Asia posséés
about
500
million
cattle
and
buffalo
comprising about 90 % of the rumiryàht‘
animal
of
the
world
and about 400 million sheep and goat,
which
titute about 50 % of the world population (Puri, 1983).
Though there are several successful practices of integrated fish fär—
ming in China and other South and South—east Asian countries, the
'“
“
farming using synergising scientific integration of agriculture, aquaculture“;
and livestock farming are note yet wide—spread in the region. While plannenS
and
administrat0rs
have
realized
the
importance of such farming
is
essential
that
scientific
research
should
be
directed
to
upgrade th?
existing
technology
and
evolve
appropriate
technology after
socio—economic and other production constraints under varying conditions.
Further, large—scale integration of carp culture with irrigation and sewîäÎ'g‘ë
utilisation are to be viewed seriously both for economic and ecological…reasons
(Sinha,
1979).
Certain successful case studies have been incorporated
__
indicating potentiality as.well as
constraints of such
system,
would throw light on the necessity of future backup of these
.
in terms of scientific as well as service support.
PRINCIPLES ,OF »INTEGRATED3FARMING j
'
“
,
,
? U;"j;_…-…“ "
;;
As
it is well known,that to uti;lize_all the ecological niches, available
‘
-
in» the»
a. Synergie, combination of camps has » been ,in vogue;;g,‘in
normally ,polyculture of carp involving a surface feeder,çcQïlumn
bottom
_undertaken successfully.
This
unique
,
,
and
two
species of
in utilizing not only the ‘Water‘column at different depth but as
different types of food available in
water ranging from th‘?
algae to macr0phyte and benthos to
’
“
The wet land Of PaddY—field is congehial to many
ThQse,…breeding
have adhesive“ 'egéà'fâÆ ar'e'îi
“°ma‘lly ;.laid,
‘bWO
WhQŒ?S… Shallow
»
.«the
-
? Î
The
has considerêble
°-‘fï'
rise to »,—»énônmous
…
and* mfactserves as za r1chly laid àtêbleçaîor ;.»iÏiîÿ “fañ,d,
,
.
_…
“…;
,
…
…