26
R.S.V. Puln
mrigal, 2367000 and Labeo
dussumieri,
127000. Efforts to promote
carp culture
are
also underway in the Philippines (common carp, Chinese
carps and rohu) and
in Iraq (common carp) where 200 ha of ponds have
already been constructed and
total inland fisheries production (all spp.) exceeds 30 ,000t (Shanna, 1985).
3)
Europe
This information
is
summarized from Brown (1983), FAO (1984), Szakolczai
(1984) and Berka (in
press).
The
largest carp culture industries
are
in
Central.
and
Eastern
Europe and the USSR and some
have
increased production
through
intensification (Tables 1 and 2).
Common carp is the preferred
species. Chinese
carps have limited
appeal,
although in Yugoslavia
increases in grass
carp
and
silver
carp
production
and
decreases
for bighead
have been
proposed
(Turk,
1984).
Besides
supplemental
feeding,
organic
fertilization
of
ponds
and
integration
of pond
culture
with duck raising have been
major
growth factors.
For
example,
in
Czechoslovakia, duck output from State fish ponds in 1980 was
11500t (90 75 of
the national supply),
Current
Czech
common
carp
production is
about
17000t.
ln
Poland, freshwater fish
production is more
extensive: about
25000t of marketable
fish from 40 to 60,000 ha.
ln Yugoslavia, between 20000
and
22000 ha
of
ponds are
used to
produce
about
20000t of freshwater fish
including about 16000t of
common
carp and
1000t
of
Chinese
carpe.
Common
carp and polyculture industries
are
also ourishing
in Bulgaria,
including 1300t
from
cages.
ln
Romania, 1981/1982
carp
production(t)
was:
common
carp,
23496/25141; grass carp, 2974/3028; silver carp, 3350/6055; bighead, 3425/1773 -—
FAO, 1984).
Table
2.
Growth of cultured carp
production (common
and
Chinese)
in some
Eastern
European c0untries
through intensification.
Summar‘ized from Berka
(in
press).
'
Country
Year 1/Production(t)/Area (ha)
Yearll/Producti0n(t)Area (ha)
Czech.
1970/10000/52000
1980/13400/53000
D.D.R.
1970/4800/13000
1977/9500/13000
…___1981/28000/24000
In Hungary,
polyculture predominates.
Culture pond
production
in 1983 was
30650t, including 19400t
marketable
fish
(10282t common
carp;
6790t
Chinese
carps, the rest other
coarse
fish).
For comparison,
273000 anglers caught 13200t
freshwater fish in 1983 (S zakolczai, 1984).
Pintet (1980) gives annual Chinese carp
culture production of 900t grass carp, 2800t silver carp and 2600t bighead —
total,
6300t (cf. 1983).
30—50 72 of all Hungarian production is exported. Domestic demand
for
Chinese carps and prices are now
low;
for example,
the
1984 farmgate price
for
silver carp was
25Ft/kg
compared
to 45Ft/kg for
common
carp (in 1984, 50
Forints (Ft) = US$1.00).
1984 Hungarian
pond production was 26,018t (16838t
for
consumption,
the
remainder
for stocking) of
which 63% was
common
carp, 3574
Chinese
carpe
and 2"/"
minor species (K. Pinter,
pers. comm.).
In the
USSR, total
1982 common carp production was 157774t. Although USSR pond area has also been
increased,
the
average
pond yield
increased
from
740
(1976) to 1500 kg/ha/yr
(1982) mainly due to
intensification.
Chinese carps account for only 2.6% of total
USSR
production.
R.S.V. Puln
mrigal, 2367000 and Labeo
dussumieri,
127000. Efforts to promote
carp culture
are
also underway in the Philippines (common carp, Chinese
carps and rohu) and
in Iraq (common carp) where 200 ha of ponds have
already been constructed and
total inland fisheries production (all spp.) exceeds 30 ,000t (Shanna, 1985).
3)
Europe
This information
is
summarized from Brown (1983), FAO (1984), Szakolczai
(1984) and Berka (in
press).
The
largest carp culture industries
are
in
Central.
and
Eastern
Europe and the USSR and some
have
increased production
through
intensification (Tables 1 and 2).
Common carp is the preferred
species. Chinese
carps have limited
appeal,
although in Yugoslavia
increases in grass
carp
and
silver
carp
production
and
decreases
for bighead
have been
proposed
(Turk,
1984).
Besides
supplemental
feeding,
organic
fertilization
of
ponds
and
integration
of pond
culture
with duck raising have been
major
growth factors.
For
example,
in
Czechoslovakia, duck output from State fish ponds in 1980 was
11500t (90 75 of
the national supply),
Current
Czech
common
carp
production is
about
17000t.
ln
Poland, freshwater fish
production is more
extensive: about
25000t of marketable
fish from 40 to 60,000 ha.
ln Yugoslavia, between 20000
and
22000 ha
of
ponds are
used to
produce
about
20000t of freshwater fish
including about 16000t of
common
carp and
1000t
of
Chinese
carpe.
Common
carp and polyculture industries
are
also ourishing
in Bulgaria,
including 1300t
from
cages.
ln
Romania, 1981/1982
carp
production(t)
was:
common
carp,
23496/25141; grass carp, 2974/3028; silver carp, 3350/6055; bighead, 3425/1773 -—
FAO, 1984).
Table
2.
Growth of cultured carp
production (common
and
Chinese)
in some
Eastern
European c0untries
through intensification.
Summar‘ized from Berka
(in
press).
'
Country
Year 1/Production(t)/Area (ha)
Yearll/Producti0n(t)Area (ha)
Czech.
1970/10000/52000
1980/13400/53000
D.D.R.
1970/4800/13000
1977/9500/13000
…___1981/28000/24000
In Hungary,
polyculture predominates.
Culture pond
production
in 1983 was
30650t, including 19400t
marketable
fish
(10282t common
carp;
6790t
Chinese
carps, the rest other
coarse
fish).
For comparison,
273000 anglers caught 13200t
freshwater fish in 1983 (S zakolczai, 1984).
Pintet (1980) gives annual Chinese carp
culture production of 900t grass carp, 2800t silver carp and 2600t bighead —
total,
6300t (cf. 1983).
30—50 72 of all Hungarian production is exported. Domestic demand
for
Chinese carps and prices are now
low;
for example,
the
1984 farmgate price
for
silver carp was
25Ft/kg
compared
to 45Ft/kg for
common
carp (in 1984, 50
Forints (Ft) = US$1.00).
1984 Hungarian
pond production was 26,018t (16838t
for
consumption,
the
remainder
for stocking) of
which 63% was
common
carp, 3574
Chinese
carpe
and 2"/"
minor species (K. Pinter,
pers. comm.).
In the
USSR, total
1982 common carp production was 157774t. Although USSR pond area has also been
increased,
the
average
pond yield
increased
from
740
(1976) to 1500 kg/ha/yr
(1982) mainly due to
intensification.
Chinese carps account for only 2.6% of total
USSR
production.