Worldwide status of caro esare
25
contributed ab0ut 1 million t to fish supply in 1983 from a total area of about 1.6
million ha of which
ab0ut 155000 ha are now
under
managed aquaculture.
The
target
is 490000ha
of
culture
ponds
by 1990—91
plus management of
about 3
million ha of reservoirs°
Total
fish seed
supply in 1980-81 was about 80 million.
lndonesia's
carp
culture is gradually
expanding, and
there is a
huge
rice field
fingerling supply
The
total area of freshwater ponds in 1978 was 25553
ha, which produced 57680h
ln 1982, 406]7t of common carp were cultured: 20304
in rice fields, 19815 in ponds and 498 in cages (DJP, 1984).
Production is static in most of
the
more
industrialized
nations e.g.
Japan
(Table 1),
where rice eld carp culture ceased
in 1973 (Suzuki,
1979).
Taiwan
produced 28377t of cultured
carpe
from
10223 ha
in
1982,
but its industry may
contract
due to poor demand and low prices…
ln Hong Kong, carpe
are
reared in
polyculture with grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and/or
There are 1700 ha
of ponds, but high land values threaten
the industry.
Total pond production was
7780t (1982) and 6430t (1983, dep1eted by
The
1983 total comprises 700t
common
carp,
1410t grass carp, 1490t
bighead,
1090t
silver
carp,
100t edible
goldfish (Carassius auratus),
1340t tilapia and 300t mullet=
In
1983, Hong Kong
imported
48200t freshwater
fish (mainly carps) from the PRC
(C.
Lee and
Chilvers,
pers.,
comm.)
Singapore
also has
limited
pond
fish culture: 284 ha
yielding
537t in 1979—81 (mainly common carp, bighead and other Chinese carpe,
mrigal, Puntius
and
other species).
Over 751:
of bighead
were
produced from
cages
in 1980 (Lam,
1982)…
Singaporean
bighead
hatchery
systems
are
very
successful: 952 post1arval survival to fry is claimed, feeding mass—cultured Moins
ln
Korea, by contrast, common carp cage culture has expanded rapidly…
Koreans prefer cage — to pond—reared fish.
From
150t total carp supply in 1974,
of which 105t were wild caught, production rose to 466t of cultured fish in 1983
and
in 1985 may reach
3,000t from over
70 common carp cage farmers
(Yoon,
Chan Park,
pers. comm):
probably exceeding demand.—Current farmgate price is
about 4000Won/kg (about US$4Æ/kg).
All fish
are
sold live, at over lkg, mostly
for sashimi.
In
Thailand, production figures
from culture
for
1981, 1982 were:
common
carp,
1259, 1478t; silver carp, 818, 923t.
Fry production in 1982 included 85000
grass
carp, 270000 bighead, 350000
silver
carp
and
13
million common
carp.
Carps
comprise about 957°
of
the total production
and
972
to
the
wholesale
value
of
cultured
freshwater
fish
in
Peninsular
Malaysia.
Malaysian
carp
production
is increasing steadily:
1979, 594t; 1980, 7720t;
1981,
8678t; 1982,
13428t.
Some new
developing c0untry industries have also expanded. In Burma, pond
production (mainly common carp and rohu) rose from 264t (750
ha) in 1979—80 to
819 t (2900ha) in 1983—84. Carp seed production in 1982—83/ 1983—84 (provisional)
was
6.4/7.66 million rohu and 1.9/2.0 million common carp (MPF, 1984). In
pond culture of
common,
Chinese and ”indian major carps has enjoyed tremendous
recent success
in the
Terai
and
cage culture is underway in the Pokhara valley
lakeS. The national target of 5500t/yf of table fish seems achievable, since there
are
now
over
5000 ha of village ponds.
1984—85 production should exceed 2500t.
In Pakistan, a
major culture program is concentrated in the Punjab Where
there
are
about 10000
ha
of
private sector
ponds.
The
Pf0dUCÜOU potential
Of
all
water
bodies
in the
Punjab
is 75000t/yr
and targeted
seed production from
government
hatcheries is
14
million/yr. In Sri Lanka, 14_ government sheries
stations produce seed for reservoir stocking.
1983 production was: common carp,
668300; bighead, 4708000; silver carp, 1023000; grass carp, 64000; rohu, 8883000;
25
contributed ab0ut 1 million t to fish supply in 1983 from a total area of about 1.6
million ha of which
ab0ut 155000 ha are now
under
managed aquaculture.
The
target
is 490000ha
of
culture
ponds
by 1990—91
plus management of
about 3
million ha of reservoirs°
Total
fish seed
supply in 1980-81 was about 80 million.
lndonesia's
carp
culture is gradually
expanding, and
there is a
huge
rice field
fingerling supply
The
total area of freshwater ponds in 1978 was 25553
ha, which produced 57680h
ln 1982, 406]7t of common carp were cultured: 20304
in rice fields, 19815 in ponds and 498 in cages (DJP, 1984).
Production is static in most of
the
more
industrialized
nations e.g.
Japan
(Table 1),
where rice eld carp culture ceased
in 1973 (Suzuki,
1979).
Taiwan
produced 28377t of cultured
carpe
from
10223 ha
in
1982,
but its industry may
contract
due to poor demand and low prices…
ln Hong Kong, carpe
are
reared in
polyculture with grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and/or
There are 1700 ha
of ponds, but high land values threaten
the industry.
Total pond production was
7780t (1982) and 6430t (1983, dep1eted by
The
1983 total comprises 700t
common
carp,
1410t grass carp, 1490t
bighead,
1090t
silver
carp,
100t edible
goldfish (Carassius auratus),
1340t tilapia and 300t mullet=
In
1983, Hong Kong
imported
48200t freshwater
fish (mainly carps) from the PRC
(C.
Lee and
Chilvers,
pers.,
comm.)
Singapore
also has
limited
pond
fish culture: 284 ha
yielding
537t in 1979—81 (mainly common carp, bighead and other Chinese carpe,
mrigal, Puntius
and
other species).
Over 751:
of bighead
were
produced from
cages
in 1980 (Lam,
1982)…
Singaporean
bighead
hatchery
systems
are
very
successful: 952 post1arval survival to fry is claimed, feeding mass—cultured Moins
ln
Korea, by contrast, common carp cage culture has expanded rapidly…
Koreans prefer cage — to pond—reared fish.
From
150t total carp supply in 1974,
of which 105t were wild caught, production rose to 466t of cultured fish in 1983
and
in 1985 may reach
3,000t from over
70 common carp cage farmers
(Yoon,
Chan Park,
pers. comm):
probably exceeding demand.—Current farmgate price is
about 4000Won/kg (about US$4Æ/kg).
All fish
are
sold live, at over lkg, mostly
for sashimi.
In
Thailand, production figures
from culture
for
1981, 1982 were:
common
carp,
1259, 1478t; silver carp, 818, 923t.
Fry production in 1982 included 85000
grass
carp, 270000 bighead, 350000
silver
carp
and
13
million common
carp.
Carps
comprise about 957°
of
the total production
and
972
to
the
wholesale
value
of
cultured
freshwater
fish
in
Peninsular
Malaysia.
Malaysian
carp
production
is increasing steadily:
1979, 594t; 1980, 7720t;
1981,
8678t; 1982,
13428t.
Some new
developing c0untry industries have also expanded. In Burma, pond
production (mainly common carp and rohu) rose from 264t (750
ha) in 1979—80 to
819 t (2900ha) in 1983—84. Carp seed production in 1982—83/ 1983—84 (provisional)
was
6.4/7.66 million rohu and 1.9/2.0 million common carp (MPF, 1984). In
pond culture of
common,
Chinese and ”indian major carps has enjoyed tremendous
recent success
in the
Terai
and
cage culture is underway in the Pokhara valley
lakeS. The national target of 5500t/yf of table fish seems achievable, since there
are
now
over
5000 ha of village ponds.
1984—85 production should exceed 2500t.
In Pakistan, a
major culture program is concentrated in the Punjab Where
there
are
about 10000
ha
of
private sector
ponds.
The
Pf0dUCÜOU potential
Of
all
water
bodies
in the
Punjab
is 75000t/yr
and targeted
seed production from
government
hatcheries is
14
million/yr. In Sri Lanka, 14_ government sheries
stations produce seed for reservoir stocking.
1983 production was: common carp,
668300; bighead, 4708000; silver carp, 1023000; grass carp, 64000; rohu, 8883000;