435
gences in the Ekman layers, and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic. J Mar Res
36:311-322
Levitus S (1989a) Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate
depths of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 94:6091-6131
Levitus S (1989b) Interpentadal variability of salinity in the upper 150 m of the North
Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 94:9679-9685
Levitus S (1989c) Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity in the deep North
Atlantic, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 94:16125-16131
Levitus S (1990) Interpentadal variability of steric sea level and geopotential thickness of
the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 95:5233-5238
Luyten J, Stommel H (1986) Gyres driven by combined wind and buoyancy flux. J Phys
Oceanogr 16:1551-1560.
Luyten J, Pedlosky J, Stommel H (1983) The ventilated thermocline. J Phys Oceanogr
13:292-309
ManrIquez M, Fraga F (1982) The distribution of water masses in the upwelling region
off northwest Africa in November. Rapp P V Reun Con Int Explor Mer 180:39-47
Marshall JC, Nurser AJ (1991) A continuously stratified thermocline model incorporating
a mixed layer of variable thickness and density. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1780-1792
Marshall JC, Nurser AJ (1992) Fluid dynamics of oceanic thermocline ventilation. J Phys
Oceanogr 22:583-595
Martel F, Wunsch C (1993) The North Atlantic circulation in the early 1980's - An estimate from inversion of a finite-difference model. J Phys Oceanogr 23:898-924
McClain CR, Firestone J (1993) An investigation of Ekman upwelling in the North Atlantic. J Geophys Res 98:12327-12339
Mercier H, Ollitrault M, Le Traon PY (1993) An inverse model of the North Atlantic
general circulation using Lagrangian float data. J Phys Oceanogr 23:689-715
Merkine LO, Solan A (1979) The separation of flow past a cylinder in a rotating system.
J Fluid Mech 92:381-392
Mikolajewicz W, SanteI' BD, Maier-Reimer E (1990) Ocean response to climate warming.
Nature 348:589-593
Mittelstaedt E (1983) The upwelling area off northwest Africa - A description of phenomena related to coastal upwelling. Prog Oceanogr 12:307-321
Mittelstaedt E (1991) The ocean boundary along the northwest African coast: Circulation
and oceanographic properties at the sea surface. Prog Oceanogr 26:307-356
Molina R, Laatzen FL (1986) Corrientes en la region comprendida entre las Islas Canarias
orientales, Marruecos y las Islas Madeira. Campana Norcanarias 1. Rev Geoffsica 42:41-52
Molina R, Laatzen FL (1989) Hidrograffa en la region canaria. Campana Canarias I. Bol
Inst Esp Oceanogr 5:71-86
Nurser AJ, Marshall JC (1991) On the relationship between subduction rates and diabatic
forcing of the mixed layer. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1793-1802
Nykjaer L, Van Camp L (1994) Seasonal and interannual variability of coastal upwelling
along northwest Africa and Portugal from 1981 to 1991. J Geophys Res 99:14197-14207
Oort AH, Vonder Haar TH (1976) On the observed annual cycle in the ocean-atmosphere
heat balance over the northern hemisphere. J Phys Oceanogr 6:781-800
Parrilla G, Lavin A, Bryden H, Garcia M, Millard R (1994) Rising temperatures in the
subtropical North Atlantic over the past 35 years. Nature 369:48-51
Pattiaratchi C, James A, Collins M (1986) Island wakes and headland eddies: a comparison between remotely sensed data and laboratory experiments. J Geophys Res 92:783- 794
Pedlosky J (1983) Eastern boundary ventilation and the structure of the thermocline. J
Phys Oceanogr 13:2038-2044
Pedlosky J, Robbins P (1991) The role of finite mixed-layer thickness in the structure of
the ventilated thermocline. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1018-1031
Pelegri JL, Richman JG (1993) On the role of shear-mixing during transient coastal upwelling. Cont Shelf Res 13:1363-1400
Pelegri JL, Csanady GT (1994) Diapycnal mixing in western boundary currents. J Geophys Res 99:18275-18304
Perez-RodrIguez P, Pelegrf JL (1995) Summer-Winter variability in the Cape Vert frontal
gences in the Ekman layers, and Sverdrup transports in the North Atlantic. J Mar Res
36:311-322
Levitus S (1989a) Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity at intermediate
depths of the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 94:6091-6131
Levitus S (1989b) Interpentadal variability of salinity in the upper 150 m of the North
Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 94:9679-9685
Levitus S (1989c) Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity in the deep North
Atlantic, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 94:16125-16131
Levitus S (1990) Interpentadal variability of steric sea level and geopotential thickness of
the North Atlantic Ocean, 1970-74 versus 1055-59. J Geophys Res 95:5233-5238
Luyten J, Stommel H (1986) Gyres driven by combined wind and buoyancy flux. J Phys
Oceanogr 16:1551-1560.
Luyten J, Pedlosky J, Stommel H (1983) The ventilated thermocline. J Phys Oceanogr
13:292-309
ManrIquez M, Fraga F (1982) The distribution of water masses in the upwelling region
off northwest Africa in November. Rapp P V Reun Con Int Explor Mer 180:39-47
Marshall JC, Nurser AJ (1991) A continuously stratified thermocline model incorporating
a mixed layer of variable thickness and density. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1780-1792
Marshall JC, Nurser AJ (1992) Fluid dynamics of oceanic thermocline ventilation. J Phys
Oceanogr 22:583-595
Martel F, Wunsch C (1993) The North Atlantic circulation in the early 1980's - An estimate from inversion of a finite-difference model. J Phys Oceanogr 23:898-924
McClain CR, Firestone J (1993) An investigation of Ekman upwelling in the North Atlantic. J Geophys Res 98:12327-12339
Mercier H, Ollitrault M, Le Traon PY (1993) An inverse model of the North Atlantic
general circulation using Lagrangian float data. J Phys Oceanogr 23:689-715
Merkine LO, Solan A (1979) The separation of flow past a cylinder in a rotating system.
J Fluid Mech 92:381-392
Mikolajewicz W, SanteI' BD, Maier-Reimer E (1990) Ocean response to climate warming.
Nature 348:589-593
Mittelstaedt E (1983) The upwelling area off northwest Africa - A description of phenomena related to coastal upwelling. Prog Oceanogr 12:307-321
Mittelstaedt E (1991) The ocean boundary along the northwest African coast: Circulation
and oceanographic properties at the sea surface. Prog Oceanogr 26:307-356
Molina R, Laatzen FL (1986) Corrientes en la region comprendida entre las Islas Canarias
orientales, Marruecos y las Islas Madeira. Campana Norcanarias 1. Rev Geoffsica 42:41-52
Molina R, Laatzen FL (1989) Hidrograffa en la region canaria. Campana Canarias I. Bol
Inst Esp Oceanogr 5:71-86
Nurser AJ, Marshall JC (1991) On the relationship between subduction rates and diabatic
forcing of the mixed layer. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1793-1802
Nykjaer L, Van Camp L (1994) Seasonal and interannual variability of coastal upwelling
along northwest Africa and Portugal from 1981 to 1991. J Geophys Res 99:14197-14207
Oort AH, Vonder Haar TH (1976) On the observed annual cycle in the ocean-atmosphere
heat balance over the northern hemisphere. J Phys Oceanogr 6:781-800
Parrilla G, Lavin A, Bryden H, Garcia M, Millard R (1994) Rising temperatures in the
subtropical North Atlantic over the past 35 years. Nature 369:48-51
Pattiaratchi C, James A, Collins M (1986) Island wakes and headland eddies: a comparison between remotely sensed data and laboratory experiments. J Geophys Res 92:783- 794
Pedlosky J (1983) Eastern boundary ventilation and the structure of the thermocline. J
Phys Oceanogr 13:2038-2044
Pedlosky J, Robbins P (1991) The role of finite mixed-layer thickness in the structure of
the ventilated thermocline. J Phys Oceanogr 21:1018-1031
Pelegri JL, Richman JG (1993) On the role of shear-mixing during transient coastal upwelling. Cont Shelf Res 13:1363-1400
Pelegri JL, Csanady GT (1994) Diapycnal mixing in western boundary currents. J Geophys Res 99:18275-18304
Perez-RodrIguez P, Pelegrf JL (1995) Summer-Winter variability in the Cape Vert frontal