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Environmental Toxicology
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Ref: 4365 MING-HO YU Chap-010 Page: 160 149-170
FIGURE 10.7 Bones from dairy cows with skeletal fluorosis. (a) Left: metatarsal bone from a dairy
cow fed 12 ppm F from 3 or 4 months to 7.5 years of age – the bone is normal. Right: metatarsal
bone from a dairy cow fed 93 ppm F for the same period – the bone shows marked periosteal
hyperostosis with a roughened surface. (b) Radiographic comparison of the bones in (a). (c)
Upper: cross section of a metatarsal bone from a dairy cow fed 12 ppm F from 3 or 4 months to
7.5 years of age – the bone is normal. Lower: cross section of a metatarsal bone from cow
ingesting 93 ppm F for the same period – the bone shows definite osteofluorosis.
Source: adapted from Greenwood et al. Fluorosis in Cattle. Special Report 17. Agricultural
Experiment Station, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 1964, p.36.
FIGURE 10.8 A lame cow suffering from F toxicity.
Source: Yu, M.-H. (Personal communication, 2004.)