261
Fig. 16.3 National Water Carrier of Israel (Photo: Mekorot)
11.8
11.1
10.5
10.2
9.8
8.9
8
6.9
6.5
6.2
5.9
5.7
39.2
40.8
42.3
43.7
45.2
42.9
40.4
37.9
38.4
38.9
39.1
39.3
33.6
34.1
34.5
34.8
35.1
39.1
43.2
47.5
47.9
48.2
48.8
49.4
8.6
7.9
7
6.2
5.3
5
4.7
4.4
4.1
3.7
3.3
2.8
4.8
4.1
3.7
3.1
2.6
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Percentage [%]
Year
Percentage of Population Connected to Urban Waste Water Treatment System,
by Type of Treatment 2000–2011
Primary treatment
Secondary treatment Tertiary treatment
No treatment
Independent treatment
Other treatment
Fig. 16.4 Population connected to an urban wastewater treatment system, by type of treatment
and level of treatment (Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics ( 2013a , p. 38))
16 Technologies, Incentives and Cost Recovery: Is There an Israeli Role Model?