498
S. Biswas et al.
distinguishing the colonic mucosa, between normal, hyperplasia, or dysplasia [76].
the biochemical modifications induced by CdCP1 (a transmembrane protein, believed to play a role in metastasis) expression in colon cancer tissue was also found
to have a spectral signature [77] as did structural disorders in the dNA of colon
cancer cells ([78]; Fig. 16.12).
16.4.4 Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer and is quite amenable to analysis by IR imaging due to the characteristic structures present. IR spectroscopy has been applied
to distinguish between benign, dysplastic and malignant skin cancers [79] and also
between different types of non-melanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma
(BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Bowen’s disease [80]. melanoma diagnoses using common biomarkers separating them from normal skin tissues [81, 82]
has also been accomplished. two types of melanoma cell lines—murine melanoma
(B16F10 cell line) and human melanoma (C8161 cell line) were also employed to
provide important spectral correlations with disease [83]. In many cases, melanoma
might originate from a nevus, which is actually a non-malignant chronic lesion on
the skin. FtIR was also used to analyse and characterize the spectral differences
between melanoma, nevus, and the normal epidermis [84]. A very interesting and
recent development has been to use engineered tissues as models. When combined
with spectroscopy and computation, a novel way for studying skin disease progression in eanbled. our group has applied Ft-IR imaging to examine an engineered
tissue model of melanoma—the biochemical properties and spectral changes in different layers of growing skin were first characterized, then malignant melanocytes
were introduced in the model, to simulate tumor formation and growth. Chemical
changes associated with tumor-stromal interactions were then analysed during the
course of tumor growth [85].
16.5 Conclusions
From the previous sections, it is abundantly evident that with the advancement
of spectroscopic techniques and development of fast, robust computational algorithms, Ft-IR spectroscopy is rapidly emerging in the modern world as a powerful
diagnostic tool. It is being used in several biomedical and biochemical venues to
derive information about the molecular structure of biological samples, identification of cell types and disease states. the ultimate aim is to adapt the technology
to the clinic to help solve real life cases. A number of developments are underway
towards that goal—high speed for data acquisition, effectively handling the large
volume of data, high cost equipment, lower spatial resolution as compared to other
microscopy approaches and lack of sufficiently robust analytic tools to deal with
S. Biswas et al.
distinguishing the colonic mucosa, between normal, hyperplasia, or dysplasia [76].
the biochemical modifications induced by CdCP1 (a transmembrane protein, believed to play a role in metastasis) expression in colon cancer tissue was also found
to have a spectral signature [77] as did structural disorders in the dNA of colon
cancer cells ([78]; Fig. 16.12).
16.4.4 Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the most prevalent cancer and is quite amenable to analysis by IR imaging due to the characteristic structures present. IR spectroscopy has been applied
to distinguish between benign, dysplastic and malignant skin cancers [79] and also
between different types of non-melanoma skin cancers like basal cell carcinoma
(BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Bowen’s disease [80]. melanoma diagnoses using common biomarkers separating them from normal skin tissues [81, 82]
has also been accomplished. two types of melanoma cell lines—murine melanoma
(B16F10 cell line) and human melanoma (C8161 cell line) were also employed to
provide important spectral correlations with disease [83]. In many cases, melanoma
might originate from a nevus, which is actually a non-malignant chronic lesion on
the skin. FtIR was also used to analyse and characterize the spectral differences
between melanoma, nevus, and the normal epidermis [84]. A very interesting and
recent development has been to use engineered tissues as models. When combined
with spectroscopy and computation, a novel way for studying skin disease progression in eanbled. our group has applied Ft-IR imaging to examine an engineered
tissue model of melanoma—the biochemical properties and spectral changes in different layers of growing skin were first characterized, then malignant melanocytes
were introduced in the model, to simulate tumor formation and growth. Chemical
changes associated with tumor-stromal interactions were then analysed during the
course of tumor growth [85].
16.5 Conclusions
From the previous sections, it is abundantly evident that with the advancement
of spectroscopic techniques and development of fast, robust computational algorithms, Ft-IR spectroscopy is rapidly emerging in the modern world as a powerful
diagnostic tool. It is being used in several biomedical and biochemical venues to
derive information about the molecular structure of biological samples, identification of cell types and disease states. the ultimate aim is to adapt the technology
to the clinic to help solve real life cases. A number of developments are underway
towards that goal—high speed for data acquisition, effectively handling the large
volume of data, high cost equipment, lower spatial resolution as compared to other
microscopy approaches and lack of sufficiently robust analytic tools to deal with