J. C. Dobrowolsk et al.
150
they come to be? there are the ferments, the enzymes, the substrates, and the products. there
in wine is found the great generalization: all life is fermentation. Nobody can discover the
chemistry of wine without discovering, as did Louis Pasteur, the cause of much disease. how
vivid is the claret, pressing its existence into the consciousness that watches it! If our small
minds, for some convenience, divide this glass of wine, this universe, into parts—physics,
biology, geology, astronomy, psychology, and so on—remember that Nature does not know
it! So let us put it all back together, not forgetting ultimately what it is for. Let it give us one
more final pleasure: drink it and forget it all!”
2. Jamróz MH, Rode JE, Ostrowski S, Lipiński PFJ, Dobrowolski JCz (2012) Chirality measures of α-amino acids. J Chem Inform Model 52:1462–1479
3. van hall g, Saltin B, van der vusse gJ, Soderlund K, Wagenmakers AJm (1995) deamination of amino acids as a source for ammonia production in human skeletal muscle during
prolonged exercise. J Physiol 489:251–261
4. Felig P (1973) the glucose-alanine cycle. metabolism 22:179–207
5. Perriello g, Jorde R, Nurjhan N, Stumvoll m, dailey g, Jenssen t, Bier dm, gerich JE
(1995) Estimation of glucose-alanine-lactate-glutamine cycles in postabsorptive humans:
role of skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 269:E443–E450
6. d’mello JPF (2003) Amino acids as multifunctional molecules. In: d’mello JPF (ed) Amino
acids in animal nutrition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 1–14
7. Sauer u, Eikmanns BJ (2005) the PEP-pyruvate-oxaloacetate node as the switch point for
carbon flux distribution in bacteria FEmS. microbiol Rev 29:765–794
8. daubner SC, Le t, Wang S (2011) tyrosine hydroxylase and regulation of dopamine synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 508:1–12
9. Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen hS (2006) the glutamate/gABA-glutamine cycle: aspects
of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer. J Neurochem 98:641–653
10. hill SJ, ganellin CR, timmerman h, Schwartz JC, Shankley NP, Young Jm, Schunack W,
Levi R, haas hL (1997) International union of Pharmacology. XIII. Classification of histamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 49:253–278
11. Blows Wt (2000) Neurotransmitters of the brain: serotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine),
and dopamine. J Neurosci Nursing 32:234–238
12. Serretti A, olgiati P (2008) Biochemistry of depressive disorders. Role of serotonin, amino
acid neurotransmitters, substance P and neurosteroids. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 5:225–239
13. moncada S, higgs A (1993) the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. New Eng J med 329:2002–
2020
14. Wu g, morris Sm Jr (1998) Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J
336:1–17
15. Krajčovičová-Kudláčková M, Šimončič R, Béderová A, Babinská K, Béder I (2000) Correlation of carnitine levels to methionine and lysine intake. Phys Res 49:399–402
16. Shelly CL (2000) S-Adenosylmethionine. Int J Bioch Cell Biol 32:391–395
17. Finkelstein Jd, martin JJ (1984) methionine metabolism in mammals. distribution of homocysteine between competing pathways. J Biol Chem 259:9508–9513
18. moat Ag, Foster JW, Spector mP (2002) Biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids. In:
microbial physiology. Wiley-Liss, Inc, New York, pp 503–545
19. gibson Kd, Laver Wg, Neuberger A (1958) Initial stages in the biosynthesis of porphyrins.
2. the formation of delta-aminolaevulic acid from glycine and succinyl-coenzyme A by particles from chicken erythrocytes. Biochem J 70:71–81
20. Walsh Ct (1989) Enzymes in the d-Alanine branch of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
assembly. J Biol Chem 264:2393–2396.
21. ghosh AS, Chowdhury C, Nelson dE (2008) Physiological functions of d-alanine carboxypeptidases in Escherichia coli. trends microbiol 16:309–317
22. Abe h, Yoshikawa N, Sarower mg, okada S (2005) Physiological function and metabolism
of free d-alanine in aquatic animals. Biol Pharm Bull 28:1571–1577
23. morikawa A, hamase K, Zaitsu K (2003) determination of d-alanine in the rat central nervous system and periphery using column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 312:66–72
150
they come to be? there are the ferments, the enzymes, the substrates, and the products. there
in wine is found the great generalization: all life is fermentation. Nobody can discover the
chemistry of wine without discovering, as did Louis Pasteur, the cause of much disease. how
vivid is the claret, pressing its existence into the consciousness that watches it! If our small
minds, for some convenience, divide this glass of wine, this universe, into parts—physics,
biology, geology, astronomy, psychology, and so on—remember that Nature does not know
it! So let us put it all back together, not forgetting ultimately what it is for. Let it give us one
more final pleasure: drink it and forget it all!”
2. Jamróz MH, Rode JE, Ostrowski S, Lipiński PFJ, Dobrowolski JCz (2012) Chirality measures of α-amino acids. J Chem Inform Model 52:1462–1479
3. van hall g, Saltin B, van der vusse gJ, Soderlund K, Wagenmakers AJm (1995) deamination of amino acids as a source for ammonia production in human skeletal muscle during
prolonged exercise. J Physiol 489:251–261
4. Felig P (1973) the glucose-alanine cycle. metabolism 22:179–207
5. Perriello g, Jorde R, Nurjhan N, Stumvoll m, dailey g, Jenssen t, Bier dm, gerich JE
(1995) Estimation of glucose-alanine-lactate-glutamine cycles in postabsorptive humans:
role of skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 269:E443–E450
6. d’mello JPF (2003) Amino acids as multifunctional molecules. In: d’mello JPF (ed) Amino
acids in animal nutrition. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp 1–14
7. Sauer u, Eikmanns BJ (2005) the PEP-pyruvate-oxaloacetate node as the switch point for
carbon flux distribution in bacteria FEmS. microbiol Rev 29:765–794
8. daubner SC, Le t, Wang S (2011) tyrosine hydroxylase and regulation of dopamine synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 508:1–12
9. Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen hS (2006) the glutamate/gABA-glutamine cycle: aspects
of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer. J Neurochem 98:641–653
10. hill SJ, ganellin CR, timmerman h, Schwartz JC, Shankley NP, Young Jm, Schunack W,
Levi R, haas hL (1997) International union of Pharmacology. XIII. Classification of histamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 49:253–278
11. Blows Wt (2000) Neurotransmitters of the brain: serotonin, noradrenaline (norepinephrine),
and dopamine. J Neurosci Nursing 32:234–238
12. Serretti A, olgiati P (2008) Biochemistry of depressive disorders. Role of serotonin, amino
acid neurotransmitters, substance P and neurosteroids. Clinical Neuropsychiatry 5:225–239
13. moncada S, higgs A (1993) the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway. New Eng J med 329:2002–
2020
14. Wu g, morris Sm Jr (1998) Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J
336:1–17
15. Krajčovičová-Kudláčková M, Šimončič R, Béderová A, Babinská K, Béder I (2000) Correlation of carnitine levels to methionine and lysine intake. Phys Res 49:399–402
16. Shelly CL (2000) S-Adenosylmethionine. Int J Bioch Cell Biol 32:391–395
17. Finkelstein Jd, martin JJ (1984) methionine metabolism in mammals. distribution of homocysteine between competing pathways. J Biol Chem 259:9508–9513
18. moat Ag, Foster JW, Spector mP (2002) Biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids. In:
microbial physiology. Wiley-Liss, Inc, New York, pp 503–545
19. gibson Kd, Laver Wg, Neuberger A (1958) Initial stages in the biosynthesis of porphyrins.
2. the formation of delta-aminolaevulic acid from glycine and succinyl-coenzyme A by particles from chicken erythrocytes. Biochem J 70:71–81
20. Walsh Ct (1989) Enzymes in the d-Alanine branch of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan
assembly. J Biol Chem 264:2393–2396.
21. ghosh AS, Chowdhury C, Nelson dE (2008) Physiological functions of d-alanine carboxypeptidases in Escherichia coli. trends microbiol 16:309–317
22. Abe h, Yoshikawa N, Sarower mg, okada S (2005) Physiological function and metabolism
of free d-alanine in aquatic animals. Biol Pharm Bull 28:1571–1577
23. morikawa A, hamase K, Zaitsu K (2003) determination of d-alanine in the rat central nervous system and periphery using column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 312:66–72