Fig. 1.14 Increased π
conjugation causes the
absorption to red shift
Fig. 1.15 A water molecule
has a tetrahedral shape, with
lone-pair orbitals occupying
two of the vertices
Fig. 1.16 Stokes shift is the
difference between the
positions of the absorption
and emission band maxima
Fig. 1.17 (a) A polar solvent
induces a blueshift for nπ*
transitions. (b) A solvent
induces a redshift for ππ*
transitions
1 General Concepts
9