200
A. Nogales et al.
Fig. 3 a Scheme of a typical set-up for simultaneous measurements of SAXS, WAXS and BDS.
b Schematic view of a sample cell (SWD) to accomplished BDS measurements simultaneously with
SAXS and WAXS experiments [10]. “Adapted with permission from ref. [10]. Copyright (2020)
AIP Publishing”
The polymer is placed between two metallic electrodes which are electrically insulated from the heating/cooling blocks. The X-ray beam can pass through the set-up by
the holes machined in the electrodes and heating blocks. Different devices aimed to
simultaneously measure BDS with other techniques including X-ray scattering and
chip calorimetry [12], wide angle neutron scattering [34] or even inelastic neutron
scattering under extreme pressure conditions [13] have been developed. This ongoing
endeavor emphasized the added value of BDS when combined with other techniques
in a simultaneous fashion to investigate ordering phenomena.
3 Isothermal Crystallization of Polymers as Revealed
by Dielectric Spectroscopy
Dielectric spectroscopy can be used to monitor changes during isothermal polymer
crystallization in real time. As mention above during crystallization the intensity
of the α-relaxation typically decreases and its frequency of maximum loss shifts to
lower values. Figure 4 (left panel) illustrates the time-resolved dielectric loss spectra
collected during an isothermal crystallization at a crystallization temperature T c =
A. Nogales et al.
Fig. 3 a Scheme of a typical set-up for simultaneous measurements of SAXS, WAXS and BDS.
b Schematic view of a sample cell (SWD) to accomplished BDS measurements simultaneously with
SAXS and WAXS experiments [10]. “Adapted with permission from ref. [10]. Copyright (2020)
AIP Publishing”
The polymer is placed between two metallic electrodes which are electrically insulated from the heating/cooling blocks. The X-ray beam can pass through the set-up by
the holes machined in the electrodes and heating blocks. Different devices aimed to
simultaneously measure BDS with other techniques including X-ray scattering and
chip calorimetry [12], wide angle neutron scattering [34] or even inelastic neutron
scattering under extreme pressure conditions [13] have been developed. This ongoing
endeavor emphasized the added value of BDS when combined with other techniques
in a simultaneous fashion to investigate ordering phenomena.
3 Isothermal Crystallization of Polymers as Revealed
by Dielectric Spectroscopy
Dielectric spectroscopy can be used to monitor changes during isothermal polymer
crystallization in real time. As mention above during crystallization the intensity
of the α-relaxation typically decreases and its frequency of maximum loss shifts to
lower values. Figure 4 (left panel) illustrates the time-resolved dielectric loss spectra
collected during an isothermal crystallization at a crystallization temperature T c =