2.1 Holographic Microscopy for the Study of Phase, Diffusive …
63
and creation of interference confocal microscope [130], operating almost in the same
way as a dotty-diffractive interference microscope, which uses interference of directly
transmitted light together with diffracted one [131]. The authors [132, 133] created
the laser projection microscope with image brightness gain in copper vapors, which
operates at the wavelength of λ = 514 nm. The methods of detecting microobjects characteristics and their ensembles directly by diffraction pattern and without
microobjects increase are being developed. In biology, such methods are used during
the studies of muscle specimen and during red cells studies.
Development and use of the methods of holographic interference microscopy for
the studies of structure-functional changes of peripheral nerves and innervated by
them tissues are the most important processes for the modern neurology. The study of
the influence of some pharmacological and physical factors (laser, magnetic fields,
hyperbary and so on) on the peripheral nervous system can become the basis for
the development of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of its pathology. The
studies of peripheral nerve fibers and cells in their lifetime play a special role during
the investigation of the mechanism of stimulating action of low-energy laser radiation (used, for example, during the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis, radiculitis,
trigeminal nerves by laser acupuncture method [4, 6, 11, 12], during the study of
transfer processes and information processing in a living organism). Information
content and reliability of these studies can be improved by the use of independent
electrophysiological and holographic methods [3, 15].
The use of common light microscopy and its methods such as polarized, phasecontrast, dark field, luminescent, the methods of electron microscopy and X-ray
beams diffraction enabled to get a list of new information about the structure and
ultrastructure of nerve fibers. There is a necessity to specify the mechanism of trophic
function realization of the nervous system in order to retrace the process of transfer
from hyperactivity to neuron damage, to study the dynamic of reconstructive regenerative process and many others. Thus, the study of the structure and function of
living nerve cell, nerve fiber is still of certain importance.
According to the above-said, the development of coherent-optical, highly sensitive, contactless methods of a lifetime microobjects study, particularly, holographic
microscopy, is the actual problem.
2.1.1 Holographic Interference Microscopes Operating
on Transmission and in Reflected Light
The main types of holographic microscopes
A holographic method was proposed by Denis Gabor at the end of the 40-ies when
he was trying to improve the electron microscope [78–82]. In the similar “lensless”
microscope, the magnification can be received without optics during the recording
and reconstruction [134, 135]. One of the possible schemes can be seen in Fig. 2.1.
The magnification in such a scheme can be defined by the expression:
63
and creation of interference confocal microscope [130], operating almost in the same
way as a dotty-diffractive interference microscope, which uses interference of directly
transmitted light together with diffracted one [131]. The authors [132, 133] created
the laser projection microscope with image brightness gain in copper vapors, which
operates at the wavelength of λ = 514 nm. The methods of detecting microobjects characteristics and their ensembles directly by diffraction pattern and without
microobjects increase are being developed. In biology, such methods are used during
the studies of muscle specimen and during red cells studies.
Development and use of the methods of holographic interference microscopy for
the studies of structure-functional changes of peripheral nerves and innervated by
them tissues are the most important processes for the modern neurology. The study of
the influence of some pharmacological and physical factors (laser, magnetic fields,
hyperbary and so on) on the peripheral nervous system can become the basis for
the development of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of its pathology. The
studies of peripheral nerve fibers and cells in their lifetime play a special role during
the investigation of the mechanism of stimulating action of low-energy laser radiation (used, for example, during the treatment of lumbar osteochondrosis, radiculitis,
trigeminal nerves by laser acupuncture method [4, 6, 11, 12], during the study of
transfer processes and information processing in a living organism). Information
content and reliability of these studies can be improved by the use of independent
electrophysiological and holographic methods [3, 15].
The use of common light microscopy and its methods such as polarized, phasecontrast, dark field, luminescent, the methods of electron microscopy and X-ray
beams diffraction enabled to get a list of new information about the structure and
ultrastructure of nerve fibers. There is a necessity to specify the mechanism of trophic
function realization of the nervous system in order to retrace the process of transfer
from hyperactivity to neuron damage, to study the dynamic of reconstructive regenerative process and many others. Thus, the study of the structure and function of
living nerve cell, nerve fiber is still of certain importance.
According to the above-said, the development of coherent-optical, highly sensitive, contactless methods of a lifetime microobjects study, particularly, holographic
microscopy, is the actual problem.
2.1.1 Holographic Interference Microscopes Operating
on Transmission and in Reflected Light
The main types of holographic microscopes
A holographic method was proposed by Denis Gabor at the end of the 40-ies when
he was trying to improve the electron microscope [78–82]. In the similar “lensless”
microscope, the magnification can be received without optics during the recording
and reconstruction [134, 135]. One of the possible schemes can be seen in Fig. 2.1.
The magnification in such a scheme can be defined by the expression: