62
2 Holographic Microscopy of Phase and Diffuse Objects …
the optimal freezing rate [111]. In the works [112, 113], they detected the application for the growth condition monitoring and crystals homogeneity. In [114, 115],
specially developed method of holographic interferometry of anisotropic media for
liquid crystal studies was used.
It is known that hemoglobin oxygenation and deoxygenation rate in the red cell
depends on the morphological (cell surface area) and physiological (for example, pH
and inner concentration 2.3—diphosphoglycerate) factors [116]. So, red cells shape
and surface area studies depending on their functional state are of utmost interest
[117]. A number of works is known, which successfully used methods of holographic interferometry [118, 119] to study morphological features of erythrocytes.
Interferometry, including holographic one, is one of the main methods for detecting
hemoglobin content in separate red cells [120].
The information received using these methods enables to determine the relation between the areas of inner and outer monolayer of cell membrane and, consequently, can be helpful for the studies of mechanism of action of different medical
products [121].
The monograph [122] shows the perspective application of holographic methods
for the studies of microcirculation, red cells shape changing when moving along the
bloodstream. In the work [123] using the method of holographic interferometry, the
analysis of red cells shapes and sizes during hereditary spherocytosis was performed.
In the work [124], it is noticed that morphological characteristics such as volume,
diameter, deformability, aggregation degree and others are extremely sensitive to the
external influence and physiological organism state.
Some new approaches in holographic interferometry can also add the methods,
which have already been tested in microscopy. One of them is holographic heterodyne
interferometry. Its main idea is the creation of small shift between interfering wave
frequencies. In this case in any point of interference pattern, the intensity is changing
sinusoidally that allows using radio aids measuring phase delay more precise than
by traditional fringes deviation. For example, in the work [125] where the bases of
holographic heterodyne interferometry are shown in detail, the accuracy is increased
450 times.
Among other developments in coherent optics used in microscopy, the microscope analyzing coherent antistokes radiation of Raman scattering [126] should be
mentioned. It enables to study microobjects with spatially inhomogeneous chemical
composition and has 10 μm resolution.
Definite achievements of the Doppler anemometry are realized in the microscope
described in [127, 128]. It is used for the study of the Brownian movement of the
particles and flows in the plants, for the research of blood cells movement in a human
organism. The speed changing in such a system is determined by a half-width of
autocorrelational function of the intensity of scattered light radiation.
A lot of attention is paid to the development of scanning microscopes where
the object is scanned by focused laser beam, and the image is rendered on the TV
screen. Such microscopes have stronger light-gathering power and often better resolution, less aberrations that allows processing images better [129]. New works have
appeared, which inform about the possibility of phase reconstruction in such images,
2 Holographic Microscopy of Phase and Diffuse Objects …
the optimal freezing rate [111]. In the works [112, 113], they detected the application for the growth condition monitoring and crystals homogeneity. In [114, 115],
specially developed method of holographic interferometry of anisotropic media for
liquid crystal studies was used.
It is known that hemoglobin oxygenation and deoxygenation rate in the red cell
depends on the morphological (cell surface area) and physiological (for example, pH
and inner concentration 2.3—diphosphoglycerate) factors [116]. So, red cells shape
and surface area studies depending on their functional state are of utmost interest
[117]. A number of works is known, which successfully used methods of holographic interferometry [118, 119] to study morphological features of erythrocytes.
Interferometry, including holographic one, is one of the main methods for detecting
hemoglobin content in separate red cells [120].
The information received using these methods enables to determine the relation between the areas of inner and outer monolayer of cell membrane and, consequently, can be helpful for the studies of mechanism of action of different medical
products [121].
The monograph [122] shows the perspective application of holographic methods
for the studies of microcirculation, red cells shape changing when moving along the
bloodstream. In the work [123] using the method of holographic interferometry, the
analysis of red cells shapes and sizes during hereditary spherocytosis was performed.
In the work [124], it is noticed that morphological characteristics such as volume,
diameter, deformability, aggregation degree and others are extremely sensitive to the
external influence and physiological organism state.
Some new approaches in holographic interferometry can also add the methods,
which have already been tested in microscopy. One of them is holographic heterodyne
interferometry. Its main idea is the creation of small shift between interfering wave
frequencies. In this case in any point of interference pattern, the intensity is changing
sinusoidally that allows using radio aids measuring phase delay more precise than
by traditional fringes deviation. For example, in the work [125] where the bases of
holographic heterodyne interferometry are shown in detail, the accuracy is increased
450 times.
Among other developments in coherent optics used in microscopy, the microscope analyzing coherent antistokes radiation of Raman scattering [126] should be
mentioned. It enables to study microobjects with spatially inhomogeneous chemical
composition and has 10 μm resolution.
Definite achievements of the Doppler anemometry are realized in the microscope
described in [127, 128]. It is used for the study of the Brownian movement of the
particles and flows in the plants, for the research of blood cells movement in a human
organism. The speed changing in such a system is determined by a half-width of
autocorrelational function of the intensity of scattered light radiation.
A lot of attention is paid to the development of scanning microscopes where
the object is scanned by focused laser beam, and the image is rendered on the TV
screen. Such microscopes have stronger light-gathering power and often better resolution, less aberrations that allows processing images better [129]. New works have
appeared, which inform about the possibility of phase reconstruction in such images,