2.1 Holographic Microscopy for the Study of Phase, Diffusive …
61
the cell was 24–28 μm. The recording of changes, which were made in the onion
steam, enabled to determine, for example, such characteristics as growth rate—1.5
× 10
−5 m/s [94]. And the method of holographic interferometry was the easiest and
the simplest. In the next few years for the tasks of its type, holographic interference
microscope was created [95].
At the same time, the distribution of holographic methods in the area of object
dynamics studying can be clearly seen. Old methods are developing, and new methods
appear. For example, Heflindger, G. L. Stuart and others [96] used the camera for
observing the moving plankton. With the help of this camera, they recorded holograms. Then, reconstructed images with the positive resolution of microorganisms
were studied under a microscope. In the other work, they showed that using the same
equipment, the resolution up to 1 μm can be got [97].
In the works [98, 99], holographic interferometry and microscopy were used for
recording fast periodic processes in microbiological objects.
In the works [1–3, 5, 7–10, 13, 15], we can find the results of preliminary studies
of myelinated nerve fibers of frog sciatic nerve, cavy spleen lymphocytes and frog
red blood cells.
Important feature of the holographic method is the possibility to study diffusely
scattered objects, to carry out a quantitative comparison of time-spaced condition
of living structures (differential interferometry) [100] and to get relief contour of
static and time-dependent object surfaces using long-wave tuned lasing regime
[70, 72, 101, 102].
The analysis of the literature showed that in the works, which are dedicated to
this theme, mainly microobjects with the size from 1 μm up to 1 mm are used that
shows the opportunity of effective application and development of the methods of
holographic interference microscopy in biology and medicine.
Wide possibilities of the methods of holographic interference microscopy were
also showed in the works on the research of dynamic distribution of the liquid in
the narrow channel (width of 180 μm, depths of 90 μm) [103], on the study of
refractive index distribution in a transparent medium near the wire with the diameter
of 20 μm heated by electrical pulse [104], on the study of diaphragm deformation
of 2 mm under small pressure disturbance [105], on the producing of the interferograms of onion epidermis cells [106], urchin ovules [107]. At the present time, we
have gathered a considerable experience of using holographic methods for practical
purposes. In the work [108], for example, using holographic interference microscope
with the coherent noise averaging, plasmodium migration in the mold cells is under
consideration. It is shown that the change of the protoplasm flow directivity and the
change of the cytoplasmic channel thickness take place simultaneously. The authors
of the work [109] on the holographic interferograms calculated the refractive index
distribution in the section of light guide glass fiber was calculated. The methods of
holographic interference microscopy were used to study the conditions of cells crystallization under low temperature with the purpose of determining optimal regime
of their freezing for long-term preservation [110]. In particular, they helped to see
the processes of crystallization and mechanical failure of red cells and to determine
61
the cell was 24–28 μm. The recording of changes, which were made in the onion
steam, enabled to determine, for example, such characteristics as growth rate—1.5
× 10
−5 m/s [94]. And the method of holographic interferometry was the easiest and
the simplest. In the next few years for the tasks of its type, holographic interference
microscope was created [95].
At the same time, the distribution of holographic methods in the area of object
dynamics studying can be clearly seen. Old methods are developing, and new methods
appear. For example, Heflindger, G. L. Stuart and others [96] used the camera for
observing the moving plankton. With the help of this camera, they recorded holograms. Then, reconstructed images with the positive resolution of microorganisms
were studied under a microscope. In the other work, they showed that using the same
equipment, the resolution up to 1 μm can be got [97].
In the works [98, 99], holographic interferometry and microscopy were used for
recording fast periodic processes in microbiological objects.
In the works [1–3, 5, 7–10, 13, 15], we can find the results of preliminary studies
of myelinated nerve fibers of frog sciatic nerve, cavy spleen lymphocytes and frog
red blood cells.
Important feature of the holographic method is the possibility to study diffusely
scattered objects, to carry out a quantitative comparison of time-spaced condition
of living structures (differential interferometry) [100] and to get relief contour of
static and time-dependent object surfaces using long-wave tuned lasing regime
[70, 72, 101, 102].
The analysis of the literature showed that in the works, which are dedicated to
this theme, mainly microobjects with the size from 1 μm up to 1 mm are used that
shows the opportunity of effective application and development of the methods of
holographic interference microscopy in biology and medicine.
Wide possibilities of the methods of holographic interference microscopy were
also showed in the works on the research of dynamic distribution of the liquid in
the narrow channel (width of 180 μm, depths of 90 μm) [103], on the study of
refractive index distribution in a transparent medium near the wire with the diameter
of 20 μm heated by electrical pulse [104], on the study of diaphragm deformation
of 2 mm under small pressure disturbance [105], on the producing of the interferograms of onion epidermis cells [106], urchin ovules [107]. At the present time, we
have gathered a considerable experience of using holographic methods for practical
purposes. In the work [108], for example, using holographic interference microscope
with the coherent noise averaging, plasmodium migration in the mold cells is under
consideration. It is shown that the change of the protoplasm flow directivity and the
change of the cytoplasmic channel thickness take place simultaneously. The authors
of the work [109] on the holographic interferograms calculated the refractive index
distribution in the section of light guide glass fiber was calculated. The methods of
holographic interference microscopy were used to study the conditions of cells crystallization under low temperature with the purpose of determining optimal regime
of their freezing for long-term preservation [110]. In particular, they helped to see
the processes of crystallization and mechanical failure of red cells and to determine