454
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
frequency range of 1–62 Hz. Zygomatic muscles are the optimal area of registration
[187, 188].
Patients with facial hemispasm had less obvious tonic disorders. Consequently,
these indicators can be applied as differential diagnostic criteria for the estimation of
functional muscle condition, which is important for prescribing the differentiating
treatment.
Noninvasive speckle-optical methods of registration have been developed, and
informative parameters of tremor of facial muscles have been defined in patients with
facial dyskinesia, which are used as diagnostic criteria and also for the estimation
of the effectiveness of the treatment [189–191]. It was shown that after treatment
the tremor and the intensity of forced closing of one’s eyes in patients decreased
that was objectively characterized by the change of speckle-optical myogram and
tremorogram with the restoration of the parameters under study up to the indicators
in healthy people.
The possibility of using speckle-optical indicators for the objective estimation of
the muscle rigidity and tremor in patients with Parkinson’s disease is shown. It made
it possible to derive considerably new objective information about biomechanical
disorders during this pathology, which can be used at neurological practice with the
aim to provide diagnostics and control of the efficiency of the conducted therapy
[186, 192].
During the experimental studies, the unidirectionality of changes of speckleoptical indicators of skin and cerebral microhemodynamics during the modeling
of local ischemia of brain was found out [193–203]. These studies had been taken
as principal ones for the development of the method of the diagnostics of cerebral
microhemodynamic changes in patients with acute and chronic disorders of brain
blood flow using registration and estimation of speckle-optical indicators of skin
blood flow [204–206]. It was established that in patients with the more favorable
flow of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and its atherosclerotic form there are registered an increase of power spectrum, a reduction of spectrum-medium frequency and
asymmetry coefficient, which characterize the capacity of microvasculatory channel
that reflect the development of compensatory processes. In patients with less favorable flow of the disease and mixed form of encephalopathy (atherosclerotic and
hypertensive), the worsening of skin microhemodynamics has been found out [207].
The dynamics of changes in speckle-optical parameters of skin microhemodynamics has a diagnostic value for differentiating various variants of acute disorder of
brain blood circulation on the basis of detection of lateralization of medium frequency
and asymmetry coefficient of the spectrum and reduction of the indicators in patients
in comparison with healthy faces. While comparing speckle-optical characteristics
of microhemodynamics of skin in temporal region and over mammillary tubercle at
the side of lesion of brain during atherothrombotic variant of brain with parameters of
microhemodynamics in the analogous zones in healthy people, mainly the reduction
of the values in patients at the side of brain in infarction was observed [208, 209].
Unlike patients with atherothrombotic infarction, patients with lacunar brain
infarction did not show the asymmetry of speckle-optical indicators of blood flow,
which is connected with systematic affection of microhemocirculatory channel that
5 Laser Specklometer, Speckle-Optical Diagnostics and Laser …
frequency range of 1–62 Hz. Zygomatic muscles are the optimal area of registration
[187, 188].
Patients with facial hemispasm had less obvious tonic disorders. Consequently,
these indicators can be applied as differential diagnostic criteria for the estimation of
functional muscle condition, which is important for prescribing the differentiating
treatment.
Noninvasive speckle-optical methods of registration have been developed, and
informative parameters of tremor of facial muscles have been defined in patients with
facial dyskinesia, which are used as diagnostic criteria and also for the estimation
of the effectiveness of the treatment [189–191]. It was shown that after treatment
the tremor and the intensity of forced closing of one’s eyes in patients decreased
that was objectively characterized by the change of speckle-optical myogram and
tremorogram with the restoration of the parameters under study up to the indicators
in healthy people.
The possibility of using speckle-optical indicators for the objective estimation of
the muscle rigidity and tremor in patients with Parkinson’s disease is shown. It made
it possible to derive considerably new objective information about biomechanical
disorders during this pathology, which can be used at neurological practice with the
aim to provide diagnostics and control of the efficiency of the conducted therapy
[186, 192].
During the experimental studies, the unidirectionality of changes of speckleoptical indicators of skin and cerebral microhemodynamics during the modeling
of local ischemia of brain was found out [193–203]. These studies had been taken
as principal ones for the development of the method of the diagnostics of cerebral
microhemodynamic changes in patients with acute and chronic disorders of brain
blood flow using registration and estimation of speckle-optical indicators of skin
blood flow [204–206]. It was established that in patients with the more favorable
flow of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and its atherosclerotic form there are registered an increase of power spectrum, a reduction of spectrum-medium frequency and
asymmetry coefficient, which characterize the capacity of microvasculatory channel
that reflect the development of compensatory processes. In patients with less favorable flow of the disease and mixed form of encephalopathy (atherosclerotic and
hypertensive), the worsening of skin microhemodynamics has been found out [207].
The dynamics of changes in speckle-optical parameters of skin microhemodynamics has a diagnostic value for differentiating various variants of acute disorder of
brain blood circulation on the basis of detection of lateralization of medium frequency
and asymmetry coefficient of the spectrum and reduction of the indicators in patients
in comparison with healthy faces. While comparing speckle-optical characteristics
of microhemodynamics of skin in temporal region and over mammillary tubercle at
the side of lesion of brain during atherothrombotic variant of brain with parameters of
microhemodynamics in the analogous zones in healthy people, mainly the reduction
of the values in patients at the side of brain in infarction was observed [208, 209].
Unlike patients with atherothrombotic infarction, patients with lacunar brain
infarction did not show the asymmetry of speckle-optical indicators of blood flow,
which is connected with systematic affection of microhemocirculatory channel that