124
2 Holographic Microscopy of Phase and Diffuse Objects …
Table 2.3 Parameters of laser radiation diffraction on the solitary isolated muscle fiber
Diffraction order Intensity ratio of
the first, second,
third, fourth
orders to the
intensity of the
zero one
Distance from the
zero order (mm)
Diffraction angle
sin ϕ
Diffraction
grating period
d μm
0
1
–
–
–
1
0.08
21
0.25
2.53
2
0.03
46
0.49
2.54
3
0.01
89
0.47
2.57
4
0.0017
392
0.97
2.58
intensity change. This can apparently be explained by the fact that different sarcomere
groups differentiating along the full-length change Z-disks inclination angle relative
to the incident ray and thus change the diffractive efficiency of the muscle fiber.
The study was conducted concerning the influence of a powerful pulse magnetic
field of ≈25 kOe with pulse duration of 100 ms on the muscle nerve contraction
mechanism. On the change of the diffraction image, the moment of contraction can
be observed with high sensitivity. After a series of experiments, it was established that
structural and functional changes were observed in the muscle tissue in some time
after the field effect. First of all, it can be explained by the fact that it takes some time
for accumulation of structural changes and secondly by complexity of conducting a
study directly by the imposition of the field. The last issue can be settled by using
non-contact method of diffractometry that makes it possible to record remotely the
diffraction pattern and due to it calculate sizes of the muscle fiber sarcomeres [311–
313] and their alteration in the moment of field action. The method also allows
defining the thickness of myofibrillars clusters [314], the function of sarcomere
distribution along the length [315] and dynamics of A-disks [316].
2.2.9 Study of Structural and Functional State
of Lymphocytes Using the Holographic Interference
Microscopy Method
In the work [7], the holographic interference microscopy was used for studying the
functional state of lymphocytes in the process of their cultivation under the influence
of antigens.
It is known that during the immunization process elements getting into contact
with the antigen are accompanied by some biological alterations (accumulation of
antigen connecting receptors on the cytoplasmic membrane, protein and nucleic
acid synthesis increase), the surface potential of a cell, its electropheric mobility
2 Holographic Microscopy of Phase and Diffuse Objects …
Table 2.3 Parameters of laser radiation diffraction on the solitary isolated muscle fiber
Diffraction order Intensity ratio of
the first, second,
third, fourth
orders to the
intensity of the
zero one
Distance from the
zero order (mm)
Diffraction angle
sin ϕ
Diffraction
grating period
d μm
0
1
–
–
–
1
0.08
21
0.25
2.53
2
0.03
46
0.49
2.54
3
0.01
89
0.47
2.57
4
0.0017
392
0.97
2.58
intensity change. This can apparently be explained by the fact that different sarcomere
groups differentiating along the full-length change Z-disks inclination angle relative
to the incident ray and thus change the diffractive efficiency of the muscle fiber.
The study was conducted concerning the influence of a powerful pulse magnetic
field of ≈25 kOe with pulse duration of 100 ms on the muscle nerve contraction
mechanism. On the change of the diffraction image, the moment of contraction can
be observed with high sensitivity. After a series of experiments, it was established that
structural and functional changes were observed in the muscle tissue in some time
after the field effect. First of all, it can be explained by the fact that it takes some time
for accumulation of structural changes and secondly by complexity of conducting a
study directly by the imposition of the field. The last issue can be settled by using
non-contact method of diffractometry that makes it possible to record remotely the
diffraction pattern and due to it calculate sizes of the muscle fiber sarcomeres [311–
313] and their alteration in the moment of field action. The method also allows
defining the thickness of myofibrillars clusters [314], the function of sarcomere
distribution along the length [315] and dynamics of A-disks [316].
2.2.9 Study of Structural and Functional State
of Lymphocytes Using the Holographic Interference
Microscopy Method
In the work [7], the holographic interference microscopy was used for studying the
functional state of lymphocytes in the process of their cultivation under the influence
of antigens.
It is known that during the immunization process elements getting into contact
with the antigen are accompanied by some biological alterations (accumulation of
antigen connecting receptors on the cytoplasmic membrane, protein and nucleic
acid synthesis increase), the surface potential of a cell, its electropheric mobility