130
ὡς πρὸς ἑσπέραν (ta pros hesperan), ‘roughly towards (the) evening’, i.e. the west,
Eratosthenes fr. 71 (Arrian, Anabasis, 5. 6. 3)
τὰ πρός ἑσπέραν (hōs pros hesperan), ‘the parts towards (the) evening’, i.e. the west,
Thucydides 6. 2. 3
adj. ἑσπέριος (hesperios), ‘of evening’
ἑσπέριος (κόλπος) (hesperios, sc. kolpos), ‘of the evening’, here meaning the more
westerly of two (gulfs)
τὰ ἑσπέρια (ta hesperia), ‘the parts in/of the evening’, i.e. west, Thucydides 6. 2. 5;
Dikaiarchos fr. 124 (Strabo 2. 4. 2); Ps.-Aristotle 4
τὸ ἑσπέριον (ἡμισφαίριον) (to hesperion, sc. hēmisphairon), ‘the evening hemisphere’,
Strabo 2. 3. 2
τὴν ἑσπέριον θάλασσαν (tēn hesperion thalassan), ‘the evening sea’, Timosthenes fr. 7
(Stephanos of Byzantion, s.v. Ἀπία)
ὁ ἑσπέριος ὠκεανὸς (ho hesperios ōkeanos), ‘the evening ocean’, Markianos 1
πρὸς … ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων (pros hesperiōn anthrōpōn), ‘from evening men’, i.e. men
in the west, Odyssey 8. 29
Ordinals with Seasonal Qualifiers
Strictly speaking these directions, defined in terms of solstitial sunrise and sunset,
are not the same as modern ordinals (NE, SE, SW, NW) which have azimuths of
45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° (taking north as zero), but are at around 60°, 120°, 240°,
and 300° at the latitude of Athens. See n. 27 above.
North-East
ἀπὸ θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν (apo therinōn anatolōn), ‘from (the) summer risings’, Timosthenes
fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21)
ἀπὸ τροπῆς θερινῆς (apo tropēs therinēs), ‘from (the) summer turning’, i.e. sunrise at
the solstice, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6)
μεταξὺ θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν καὶ χειμερινῶν (metaxy therinōn anatolōn kai cheimerinōn),
‘between (the) summer risings and (the) winter (ones)’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 170–1
ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὰς θερινὰς ἀνατολὰς τόπου (apo tou peri tas therinas anatolas topou),
‘from the place around the summer risings’, Ps.-Aristotle 4
South-East
ἀπὸ χειμερινῆς ἀνατολῆς (apo cheimerinēs anatolēs), ‘from (the) winter rising’,
Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6)
πρὸς χειμερινὴν ἀνατολὴν (pros cherimerinēn anatolēn), Eratosthenes fr. 83 (Strabo 2.
1. 26)
μεταξὺ θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν καὶ χειμερινῶν (metaxy therinōn anatolōn kai cheimerinōn),
‘between (the) summer risings and (the) winter (ones)’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 170–1
ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὰς χειμερινὰς (ἀνατολὰς τόπου) (apo to peri tas cheimerinas, sc. anatolas topou), Ps.-Aristotle 4
D. G. J. Shipley
ὡς πρὸς ἑσπέραν (ta pros hesperan), ‘roughly towards (the) evening’, i.e. the west,
Eratosthenes fr. 71 (Arrian, Anabasis, 5. 6. 3)
τὰ πρός ἑσπέραν (hōs pros hesperan), ‘the parts towards (the) evening’, i.e. the west,
Thucydides 6. 2. 3
adj. ἑσπέριος (hesperios), ‘of evening’
ἑσπέριος (κόλπος) (hesperios, sc. kolpos), ‘of the evening’, here meaning the more
westerly of two (gulfs)
τὰ ἑσπέρια (ta hesperia), ‘the parts in/of the evening’, i.e. west, Thucydides 6. 2. 5;
Dikaiarchos fr. 124 (Strabo 2. 4. 2); Ps.-Aristotle 4
τὸ ἑσπέριον (ἡμισφαίριον) (to hesperion, sc. hēmisphairon), ‘the evening hemisphere’,
Strabo 2. 3. 2
τὴν ἑσπέριον θάλασσαν (tēn hesperion thalassan), ‘the evening sea’, Timosthenes fr. 7
(Stephanos of Byzantion, s.v. Ἀπία)
ὁ ἑσπέριος ὠκεανὸς (ho hesperios ōkeanos), ‘the evening ocean’, Markianos 1
πρὸς … ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων (pros hesperiōn anthrōpōn), ‘from evening men’, i.e. men
in the west, Odyssey 8. 29
Ordinals with Seasonal Qualifiers
Strictly speaking these directions, defined in terms of solstitial sunrise and sunset,
are not the same as modern ordinals (NE, SE, SW, NW) which have azimuths of
45°, 135°, 225°, and 315° (taking north as zero), but are at around 60°, 120°, 240°,
and 300° at the latitude of Athens. See n. 27 above.
North-East
ἀπὸ θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν (apo therinōn anatolōn), ‘from (the) summer risings’, Timosthenes
fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21)
ἀπὸ τροπῆς θερινῆς (apo tropēs therinēs), ‘from (the) summer turning’, i.e. sunrise at
the solstice, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6)
μεταξὺ θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν καὶ χειμερινῶν (metaxy therinōn anatolōn kai cheimerinōn),
‘between (the) summer risings and (the) winter (ones)’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 170–1
ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὰς θερινὰς ἀνατολὰς τόπου (apo tou peri tas therinas anatolas topou),
‘from the place around the summer risings’, Ps.-Aristotle 4
South-East
ἀπὸ χειμερινῆς ἀνατολῆς (apo cheimerinēs anatolēs), ‘from (the) winter rising’,
Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6)
πρὸς χειμερινὴν ἀνατολὴν (pros cherimerinēn anatolēn), Eratosthenes fr. 83 (Strabo 2.
1. 26)
μεταξὺ θερινῶν ἀνατολῶν καὶ χειμερινῶν (metaxy therinōn anatolōn kai cheimerinōn),
‘between (the) summer risings and (the) winter (ones)’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 170–1
ἀπὸ τοῦ περὶ τὰς χειμερινὰς (ἀνατολὰς τόπου) (apo to peri tas cheimerinas, sc. anatolas topou), Ps.-Aristotle 4
D. G. J. Shipley