129
West
δύσις (dysis), ‘sinking’, ‘(a) setting’ (noun)
ἀπὸ δύσεως (apo dyseōs), ‘from (the) setting’, Agatharchides 10 (Photios); Ps.-Aristotle
4; Markianos 6; Ionic ἀπὸ δύσιος (apo dysios), Hekataios fr. 217 (Strabo 12. 3. 22)
ἐπὶ δύσιν (epi dysin), ‘to (the) setting’, Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
πρὸς δύσιν (pros dysin), ‘towards (the) setting’, Hekataios fr. 102c (Strabo 6. 2. 4);
Eratosthenes fr. 32 (Agathemeros 1. 2)
πρὸς δύσεις (pros dyseis), ‘towards (the) settings’, Polybios 1. 42. 5; πρὸς τὰς δύσεις
βλέπειν (pros tas dyseis blepein), Polybios 5. 104. 7
πρὸς ἡλίου δύσιν (pros hēliou dysin), ‘towards (the) setting of (the) sun’, Thucydides 2.
96
modifications:
ἀπὸ ἰσημερινῆς δύσεως (apo isēmerinēs dyseōs) and ἀπὸ δύσεως ἰσημερινῆς (apo
dyseōs isēmerinēs), ‘from (the) equidiurnal setting’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6);
cf. Ps.-Aristotle 4
ὑπ’ ἰσημερινῆς <θερινῆς> τε δύσεως (hyp’ isēmerinēs te dyseōs), ‘Ps.Skymnos’ 172; εἰς χειμερινὰς δύσεις (eis cheimerinas dyseis), Polybios 1. 42. 6
adj. δυτικός (dytikos), ‘of/in/towards (the) setting(s)’
τὰ δυτικά (ta dytika), ‘the parts towards (the) setting(s)’, Ptolemy 2. 11. 16
comparative: δυτικώτερον (dytikōteron), ‘more in/towards the setting(s)’, Ptolemy 1.
14. 7; Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
superlative: δυτικώτατος (dytikōtatos), ‘most in/towards the setting(s)’, Ptolemy 1. 11.
1; Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
δυσμή (dysmē), ‘sinking’, ‘setting’ (noun)
ἀπὸ ἡλίου δυσμῶν (apo hēliou dysmōn), ‘from (the) settings of (the) sun’, Ps.-Skylax
47. 2; Ionic ἀπὸ … ἡλίου δυσμέων (apo … hēliou dysmeōn), Herodotos 2. 31
πρὸς δυσμαῖς (pros dysmais), ‘towards (the) settings’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 169
πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμέων (pros hēliou dysmeōn), ‘on the side of (the) setting sun’, Herodotos
7. 115
adj. δυσμικός (dysmikos), ‘of the setting(s)’
δυσμικὴ πλεύρα (dysmikē pleura), ‘(the) side towards the setting(s)’, Ptolemy 2. 11. 1
ἥλιος δυόμενος/δύνων (hēlios dyomenos/dynōn), ‘(the) sun setting’
πρὸς ἥλιον δυόμενον (pros hēlion dyomenon), ‘towards (the) sun setting’, Ps.-Skylax
47. 3
πρὸς δύνοντος ἡλίου (pros dynontos hēliou), ‘towards (the) setting sun’, Aeschylus,
Supplices 255]
ἑσπέρα (hespera), ‘evening’
ἀπ’ ἑσπέρης (ap’ hesperēs), ‘from (the) evening’, i.e. west, Eratosthenes fr. 72 (Arrian,
Indike, 3. 1–5)
ἀπὸ ἑσπέρης δυσμέων (apo hesperēs dysmeōn), ‘from (the) settings of (the) evening’,
i.e. west, Herodotos 2. 31 (Ionic)
ἐπὶ τῆς ἑσπέρης (epi tēs hesperēs), (winds) ‘at the evening (point)’, i.e. from the west,
Airs, Waters, and Places 6 (if correct)
πρὸς ἑσπέραν (pros hesperan), ‘towards (the) evening’, i.e. the west, Hekataios fr. 102b
(Strabo 7. 5. 8; Hanno, 3; ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 519; Ionic πρὸς ἑσπέρην (pros hesperēn),
Herodotos 2. 8
Sun, Sea, and Sky: On Translating Directions (and Other Terms) in the Greek Geographers
West
δύσις (dysis), ‘sinking’, ‘(a) setting’ (noun)
ἀπὸ δύσεως (apo dyseōs), ‘from (the) setting’, Agatharchides 10 (Photios); Ps.-Aristotle
4; Markianos 6; Ionic ἀπὸ δύσιος (apo dysios), Hekataios fr. 217 (Strabo 12. 3. 22)
ἐπὶ δύσιν (epi dysin), ‘to (the) setting’, Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
πρὸς δύσιν (pros dysin), ‘towards (the) setting’, Hekataios fr. 102c (Strabo 6. 2. 4);
Eratosthenes fr. 32 (Agathemeros 1. 2)
πρὸς δύσεις (pros dyseis), ‘towards (the) settings’, Polybios 1. 42. 5; πρὸς τὰς δύσεις
βλέπειν (pros tas dyseis blepein), Polybios 5. 104. 7
πρὸς ἡλίου δύσιν (pros hēliou dysin), ‘towards (the) setting of (the) sun’, Thucydides 2.
96
modifications:
ἀπὸ ἰσημερινῆς δύσεως (apo isēmerinēs dyseōs) and ἀπὸ δύσεως ἰσημερινῆς (apo
dyseōs isēmerinēs), ‘from (the) equidiurnal setting’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6);
cf. Ps.-Aristotle 4
ὑπ’ ἰσημερινῆς <θερινῆς> τε δύσεως (hyp’ isēmerinēs
adj. δυτικός (dytikos), ‘of/in/towards (the) setting(s)’
τὰ δυτικά (ta dytika), ‘the parts towards (the) setting(s)’, Ptolemy 2. 11. 16
comparative: δυτικώτερον (dytikōteron), ‘more in/towards the setting(s)’, Ptolemy 1.
14. 7; Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
superlative: δυτικώτατος (dytikōtatos), ‘most in/towards the setting(s)’, Ptolemy 1. 11.
1; Markianos 6; Hypotyposis 1
δυσμή (dysmē), ‘sinking’, ‘setting’ (noun)
ἀπὸ ἡλίου δυσμῶν (apo hēliou dysmōn), ‘from (the) settings of (the) sun’, Ps.-Skylax
47. 2; Ionic ἀπὸ … ἡλίου δυσμέων (apo … hēliou dysmeōn), Herodotos 2. 31
πρὸς δυσμαῖς (pros dysmais), ‘towards (the) settings’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 169
πρὸς ἡλίου δυσμέων (pros hēliou dysmeōn), ‘on the side of (the) setting sun’, Herodotos
7. 115
adj. δυσμικός (dysmikos), ‘of the setting(s)’
δυσμικὴ πλεύρα (dysmikē pleura), ‘(the) side towards the setting(s)’, Ptolemy 2. 11. 1
ἥλιος δυόμενος/δύνων (hēlios dyomenos/dynōn), ‘(the) sun setting’
πρὸς ἥλιον δυόμενον (pros hēlion dyomenon), ‘towards (the) sun setting’, Ps.-Skylax
47. 3
πρὸς δύνοντος ἡλίου (pros dynontos hēliou), ‘towards (the) setting sun’, Aeschylus,
Supplices 255]
ἑσπέρα (hespera), ‘evening’
ἀπ’ ἑσπέρης (ap’ hesperēs), ‘from (the) evening’, i.e. west, Eratosthenes fr. 72 (Arrian,
Indike, 3. 1–5)
ἀπὸ ἑσπέρης δυσμέων (apo hesperēs dysmeōn), ‘from (the) settings of (the) evening’,
i.e. west, Herodotos 2. 31 (Ionic)
ἐπὶ τῆς ἑσπέρης (epi tēs hesperēs), (winds) ‘at the evening (point)’, i.e. from the west,
Airs, Waters, and Places 6 (if correct)
πρὸς ἑσπέραν (pros hesperan), ‘towards (the) evening’, i.e. the west, Hekataios fr. 102b
(Strabo 7. 5. 8; Hanno, 3; ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 519; Ionic πρὸς ἑσπέρην (pros hesperēn),
Herodotos 2. 8
Sun, Sea, and Sky: On Translating Directions (and Other Terms) in the Greek Geographers