131
South-West
ἀπὸ δύσεως χειμερινῆς (apo dyseōs cheimerinēs), ‘from (the) winter setting’, Timosthenes
fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6); cf. Ps.-Aristotle 4; pl. ἀπὸ δύσεων χειμερινῶν (apo dyseōn
cheimerinōn), ‘from (the) winter settings’, Timosthenes fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21)
North-West
ἀπὸ δύσεως θερινῆς (apo dyseōs therinēs), ‘from (the) summer setting’, Timosthenes fr. 3
(Agathemeros 2. 6); ἀπὸ τῆς θερινῆς δύσεως (apo tēs therinēs dyseōs), ‘from the summer
setting’, Ps.-Aristotle 4; pl. ὰπὸ δύσεων θερινῶν (apo dyseōn therinōn), ‘from (the) summer settings’, Timosthenes fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21)
μέχρι δυσμῶν θερινῶν (mechri dysmōn therinōn), ‘as far as (the) summer settings’,
‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 173
ὑπ’ ἰσημερινῆς <θερινῆς> τε δύσεως (hyp’ isēmerinēs te dyseōs), ‘under
(the) equidiurnal (i.e. equinoctial) and setting’, ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 172
Appendix 2: Examples of Wind Directions
North Winds
ἀπαρκτίας (aparktias), ‘(wind) from the bear(s)’
κατὰ ἀπαρκτίαν (kata aparktian), ‘by (the) Aparktias’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros
2. 7)
βορέας (boreas) or βορρᾶς (borrhas), ‘Boreas’ or ‘north wind’
εἰς βορρᾶν (eis borrhan), ‘to (the) north wind’, Eratosthenes fr. 32 (Agathemeros 1. 2);
Artemidoros (Agathemeros 18)
πρὸς βορρᾶν (pros borrhan), ‘towards (the) north wind’, Eratosthenes fr. 71 (Arrian,
Anabasis, 5. 6. 3); ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 174
adj. βόρειος (boreios), ‘of/towards Boreas’, Eratosthenes fr. 44 (Geminus 15); Hipparchos
fr. 21 (Strabo 2. 1. 27)
βόρειον ἡμισφαίριον (boreion hēmisphairion), ‘hemisphere towards Boreas’, Strabo 2.
3. 2
βόρειον κλίμα (boreion klima), ‘zone of latitude towards Boreas’, Ps.-Aristotle 2
East Wind
ἀπηλιώτης (apēliōtēs), ‘(wind) from the sun’
κατ’ ἀπηλιώτην (kat’ apēliōtēn), ‘by (the) Apeliotes’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros
2. 7) (but SE at Timosthenes fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21))
πρὸς ἀπηλιώτην ἄνεμον (pros apēliōtēn anemon), ‘towards (the) Apeliotes wind’ or
‘towards (the) wind from the sun’, Herodotos 4. 22; Eratosthenes fr. 71 (Arrian, Anabasis,
5. 6. 3
adj. ἀπηλιωτικός (apēliōtikos), ‘of the (wind) from the sun’
comparative: ἀπηλιωτικώτερος, ‘more of/towards the wind from the sun’, Ptolemy 2. 1. 4
Sun, Sea, and Sky: On Translating Directions (and Other Terms) in the Greek Geographers
South-West
ἀπὸ δύσεως χειμερινῆς (apo dyseōs cheimerinēs), ‘from (the) winter setting’, Timosthenes
fr. 3 (Agathemeros 2. 6); cf. Ps.-Aristotle 4; pl. ἀπὸ δύσεων χειμερινῶν (apo dyseōn
cheimerinōn), ‘from (the) winter settings’, Timosthenes fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21)
North-West
ἀπὸ δύσεως θερινῆς (apo dyseōs therinēs), ‘from (the) summer setting’, Timosthenes fr. 3
(Agathemeros 2. 6); ἀπὸ τῆς θερινῆς δύσεως (apo tēs therinēs dyseōs), ‘from the summer
setting’, Ps.-Aristotle 4; pl. ὰπὸ δύσεων θερινῶν (apo dyseōn therinōn), ‘from (the) summer settings’, Timosthenes fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21)
μέχρι δυσμῶν θερινῶν (mechri dysmōn therinōn), ‘as far as (the) summer settings’,
‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 173
ὑπ’ ἰσημερινῆς <θερινῆς> τε δύσεως (hyp’ isēmerinēs
(the) equidiurnal (i.e. equinoctial) and
Appendix 2: Examples of Wind Directions
North Winds
ἀπαρκτίας (aparktias), ‘(wind) from the bear(s)’
κατὰ ἀπαρκτίαν (kata aparktian), ‘by (the) Aparktias’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros
2. 7)
βορέας (boreas) or βορρᾶς (borrhas), ‘Boreas’ or ‘north wind’
εἰς βορρᾶν (eis borrhan), ‘to (the) north wind’, Eratosthenes fr. 32 (Agathemeros 1. 2);
Artemidoros (Agathemeros 18)
πρὸς βορρᾶν (pros borrhan), ‘towards (the) north wind’, Eratosthenes fr. 71 (Arrian,
Anabasis, 5. 6. 3); ‘Ps.-Skymnos’ 174
adj. βόρειος (boreios), ‘of/towards Boreas’, Eratosthenes fr. 44 (Geminus 15); Hipparchos
fr. 21 (Strabo 2. 1. 27)
βόρειον ἡμισφαίριον (boreion hēmisphairion), ‘hemisphere towards Boreas’, Strabo 2.
3. 2
βόρειον κλίμα (boreion klima), ‘zone of latitude towards Boreas’, Ps.-Aristotle 2
East Wind
ἀπηλιώτης (apēliōtēs), ‘(wind) from the sun’
κατ’ ἀπηλιώτην (kat’ apēliōtēn), ‘by (the) Apeliotes’, Timosthenes fr. 3 (Agathemeros
2. 7) (but SE at Timosthenes fr. 4 (Strabo 1. 2. 21))
πρὸς ἀπηλιώτην ἄνεμον (pros apēliōtēn anemon), ‘towards (the) Apeliotes wind’ or
‘towards (the) wind from the sun’, Herodotos 4. 22; Eratosthenes fr. 71 (Arrian, Anabasis,
5. 6. 3
adj. ἀπηλιωτικός (apēliōtikos), ‘of the (wind) from the sun’
comparative: ἀπηλιωτικώτερος, ‘more of/towards the wind from the sun’, Ptolemy 2. 1. 4
Sun, Sea, and Sky: On Translating Directions (and Other Terms) in the Greek Geographers