28
M. A. Espinosa-Hernandez et al.
Table 2.1
(continued)
BioMEMS platform
Main components
Fabrication strategy Mechanisms of
operation
Detected analyte
Specifics
References
Multilayer
μPAD
coupled with filtration
• Chromatography
paper
• Filter paper
Channels were
printed using a wax
printer. The bottom
layer was made of
Whatman paper. All
the layers were
inserted in a
hydrophobic wax
paper holder
Colorant reagents were
applied to the channels
to form metal
hydroxides. These ions
captured the antibiotics
and created metal
complexes which
could not go through
the filter paper. The
rest of the liquid was
absorbed for colored
complexes to be seen
• Oxytetracycline
• Norfloxacin
With a wider range
of detection agents,
greater recovery
rate, and quicker
assembly and
testing, this device
and method was
found to be a
valuable platform
for food safety
surveillance
Nilghaz and
Lu (2019)
Colorimetric
μPAD
Biosensor
• Paper substrates
• Wax printer
• Adhesive tape
The biosensor was
wax-printed on paper
platforms and
modified with
chitosan as explained
previously
Tears were placed on
the inlet area and
pulled up to the
detection zone by
capillary forces. The
color changes were
detected by an office
scanner and converted
to Red–Green–Blue
scale
GLU
The device was
proposed as a
noninvasive
alternative capable
of distinguishing
different
concentration
levels in a sample
to control glucose
for diabetic patients
Gabriel
et al. (2017)
(continued)