Mandal GS, Krishna P (2009) Global warming, climate change and
cyclone related destructive winds—discussion of results from some
selected studies with emphasis on the north Indian Ocean. Glob
Environ Res 13:141–150
Manohar GK, Kesarkar AP (2005) Climatology of thunderstorm
activity over the Indian region: III. Latitudinal and seasonal
variation. Mausam 56:581–592
Manohar GK, Kandalgaonkar SS, Tinmaker MIR (1999) Thunderstorm
activity over India and the Indian southwest monsoon. J Geophy
Res 104:4169–4188
McDonald RE et al (2005) Tropical storms: representation and
diagnosis in climate models and the impacts of climate change.
Clim Dyn 25:19–36
Middleton NJ (1986) A geography of dust storms in South-west Asia.
J Climatol 6:183–196
Mishra A (2014) Temperature rise and trend of cyclones over the
eastern coast of India. J Earth Sci Clim Change 5–9. https://doi.org/
10.4172/2157-7617.1000227
Mishra V, Shah HL (2018) Hydroclimatological perspective of the
Kerala flood of 2018. J Geol Soc India 92:645–650
Mohanty UC, Pattanayak S, Osuri KK (2010) Changes in frequency
and intensity of tropical cyclones over Indian seas in a warming
environment. Disaster Dev 4:53–77
Mohanty UC, Osuri KK, Pattanayak S, Sinha P (2012) An observational perspective on tropical cyclone activity over Indian seas in a
warming environment. Nat Hazards 63:1319–1335
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Tyagi A (2012) Best track
parameters of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean: a
review. Nat Hazards 63:1285–1317
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Tyagi A (2014) Construction and
quality of best tracks parameters for study of climate change impact
on tropical cyclones over the north indian ocean during satellite era.
Monitoring and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian ocean
and climate change. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 3–17
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Rathore LS (eds) (2017) Tropical
cyclone activity over the North Indian Ocean. Springer, Berlin,
390 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40576-6
Mooley DA (1980) Severe cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal 1877–
1977. Mon Wea Rev 108:1647–1655
Mooley DA, Mohile CM (1984) Cyclonic storms of the Arabian Sea,
1877–1980. Mausam 35:127–134
Mukherjee S, Aadhar S, Stone D, Mishra DV (2018) Increase in
extreme precipitation events under anthropogenic warming in India.
Weather Clim Extremes 20:45–53
Mukhopadhyay P, Singh HAK, Singh SS (2005) Two severe
nor’westers in April 2003 over Kolkata, India, using Doppler radar
observations and satellite imagery. Weather 60:343–353
Murakami H et al (2012b) Future changes in tropical cyclone activity
projected by the new high-resolution MRI-AGCM. J Clim 25:3237–
3260
Murakami H, Mizuta R, Shindo E (2012) Future changes in tropical
cyclone activity projected by multi-physics and multi-SST ensemble
experiments using the 60-km-mesh MRI-AGCM. Clim Dyn
39:2569–2584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1223-x
Murakami H, Sugi M, Kitoh A (2013) Future changes in tropical
cyclone activity in the North Indian Ocean projected by
high-resolution MRI-AGCMs. Clim Dyn 40:1949–1968
Murakami H, Sugi M, Kitoh A (2014) Future changes in tropical
cyclone activity in the North Indian Ocean projected by the new
high-resolution MRI-AGCM. In: Mohanty UC et al (eds) Monitoring and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and
climate change, pp 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-0077720-0_6
Murakami H, Vecchi GA, Underwood S (2017) Increasing frequency
of extremely severe cyclonic storms over the Arabian Sea. Nat Clim
Change 7:885–889
Murugavel P, Pawar SD, Gopalakrishan V (2014) Climatology of
lightning over Indian region and its relationship with convective
available potential energy. Int J Climatol 34:3179–3187
Niyas NT, Srivastava AK, Hatwar HR (2009) Variability and trend in
the cyclonic storms over north Indian Ocean. National Climate
Centre, Office of the Additional Director General of Meteorology
(Research), India Meteorological Department
Oouchi K et al (2006) Tropical cyclone climatology in a
global-warming climate as simulated in a 20 km-mesh global
atmospheric model: frequency and wind intensity analyses. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 84:259–276
Orlanski I (1975) A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric
processes. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 56:527–530
Pandey SK, Vinoj V, Landu K, Babu KSS (2017) Declining
pre-monsoon dust loading over South Asia: signature of a changing
regional climate. Sci Rep 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-01716338-w
Pattanaik DR (2005) Variability of oceanic and atmospheric conditions
during active and inactive periods of storms over the Indian region.
Int J Climatol 25:1523–1530
Pielke RA et al (2005) Hurricanes and global warming. Bull Am
Meteorol Soc 86:1571–1575
Pradhan D, De UK, Singh UV (2012) Development of nowcasting
technique and evaluation of convective indices for thunderstorm
prediction in Gangetic West Bengal (India) using Doppler Weather
Radar and upper air data. Mausam 63:299–318
Prajeesh AG, Ashok K, Rao DVB (2013) Falling monsoon depression
frequency: a Gray-Sikka conditions perspective. Nat Scientific
Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02989
Priya P, Krishnan R, Mujumdar M, Houze RA (2017) Changing
monsoon and midlatitude circulation interactions over the Western
Himalayas and possible links to occurrences of extreme precipitation. Clim Dyn 49:2351–2364
Raghavan S, Rajesh S (2003) Trends in tropical cyclone impact—a
study in Andhra Pradesh, India. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 84:635–644.
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-5-635
Raghavendra VK (1973) A statistical analysis of the number of tropical
storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during 1890–1969.
Ind J Meteorol Geophys 24:125–130
Raipal DK, Deka SN (1980) ANDHI, the convective dust storm of
northwest India. Mausam 31:31–442
Rajeevan M, Srinivasan J, Niranjan Kumar K, Gnanaseelan C, Ali MM
(2013) On the epochal variation of intensity of tropical cyclones in
the Arabian Sea. Atmos Sci Lett 14:249–255
Ramesh Kumar MR, Sankar S (2010) Impact of global warming on
cyclonic storms over north Indian Ocean. Indian J Mar Sci 39:516–
520
Ramsay H (2017) The global climatology of tropical cyclones. Oxford
research encyclopedia of natural hazard science, Oxford University
Press, 34 pp
Ranalkar MR et al (2016) Incessant rainfall event of June 2013 in
Uttarakhand, India: observational perspectives. In: High-impact
weather events over the SAARC Region. Springer, Cham, pp 303–312
Rao DVB, Srinivas D, Satyanarayana GC (2019) Trends in the genesis
and landfall locations of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal in
the current global warming era. J Earth Syst Sci 128. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s12040-019-1227-1
Rasmussen KL, Houze RA (2012) A flash-flooding storm at the steep
edge of high terrain: disaster in the Himalayas. Bull Amer Meteorol
Soc 93:1713–1724
8 Extreme Storms
171
cyclone related destructive winds—discussion of results from some
selected studies with emphasis on the north Indian Ocean. Glob
Environ Res 13:141–150
Manohar GK, Kesarkar AP (2005) Climatology of thunderstorm
activity over the Indian region: III. Latitudinal and seasonal
variation. Mausam 56:581–592
Manohar GK, Kandalgaonkar SS, Tinmaker MIR (1999) Thunderstorm
activity over India and the Indian southwest monsoon. J Geophy
Res 104:4169–4188
McDonald RE et al (2005) Tropical storms: representation and
diagnosis in climate models and the impacts of climate change.
Clim Dyn 25:19–36
Middleton NJ (1986) A geography of dust storms in South-west Asia.
J Climatol 6:183–196
Mishra A (2014) Temperature rise and trend of cyclones over the
eastern coast of India. J Earth Sci Clim Change 5–9. https://doi.org/
10.4172/2157-7617.1000227
Mishra V, Shah HL (2018) Hydroclimatological perspective of the
Kerala flood of 2018. J Geol Soc India 92:645–650
Mohanty UC, Pattanayak S, Osuri KK (2010) Changes in frequency
and intensity of tropical cyclones over Indian seas in a warming
environment. Disaster Dev 4:53–77
Mohanty UC, Osuri KK, Pattanayak S, Sinha P (2012) An observational perspective on tropical cyclone activity over Indian seas in a
warming environment. Nat Hazards 63:1319–1335
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Tyagi A (2012) Best track
parameters of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean: a
review. Nat Hazards 63:1285–1317
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Tyagi A (2014) Construction and
quality of best tracks parameters for study of climate change impact
on tropical cyclones over the north indian ocean during satellite era.
Monitoring and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian ocean
and climate change. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 3–17
Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Rathore LS (eds) (2017) Tropical
cyclone activity over the North Indian Ocean. Springer, Berlin,
390 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40576-6
Mooley DA (1980) Severe cyclonic storms in the Bay of Bengal 1877–
1977. Mon Wea Rev 108:1647–1655
Mooley DA, Mohile CM (1984) Cyclonic storms of the Arabian Sea,
1877–1980. Mausam 35:127–134
Mukherjee S, Aadhar S, Stone D, Mishra DV (2018) Increase in
extreme precipitation events under anthropogenic warming in India.
Weather Clim Extremes 20:45–53
Mukhopadhyay P, Singh HAK, Singh SS (2005) Two severe
nor’westers in April 2003 over Kolkata, India, using Doppler radar
observations and satellite imagery. Weather 60:343–353
Murakami H et al (2012b) Future changes in tropical cyclone activity
projected by the new high-resolution MRI-AGCM. J Clim 25:3237–
3260
Murakami H, Mizuta R, Shindo E (2012) Future changes in tropical
cyclone activity projected by multi-physics and multi-SST ensemble
experiments using the 60-km-mesh MRI-AGCM. Clim Dyn
39:2569–2584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1223-x
Murakami H, Sugi M, Kitoh A (2013) Future changes in tropical
cyclone activity in the North Indian Ocean projected by
high-resolution MRI-AGCMs. Clim Dyn 40:1949–1968
Murakami H, Sugi M, Kitoh A (2014) Future changes in tropical
cyclone activity in the North Indian Ocean projected by the new
high-resolution MRI-AGCM. In: Mohanty UC et al (eds) Monitoring and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and
climate change, pp 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-0077720-0_6
Murakami H, Vecchi GA, Underwood S (2017) Increasing frequency
of extremely severe cyclonic storms over the Arabian Sea. Nat Clim
Change 7:885–889
Murugavel P, Pawar SD, Gopalakrishan V (2014) Climatology of
lightning over Indian region and its relationship with convective
available potential energy. Int J Climatol 34:3179–3187
Niyas NT, Srivastava AK, Hatwar HR (2009) Variability and trend in
the cyclonic storms over north Indian Ocean. National Climate
Centre, Office of the Additional Director General of Meteorology
(Research), India Meteorological Department
Oouchi K et al (2006) Tropical cyclone climatology in a
global-warming climate as simulated in a 20 km-mesh global
atmospheric model: frequency and wind intensity analyses. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 84:259–276
Orlanski I (1975) A rational subdivision of scales for atmospheric
processes. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 56:527–530
Pandey SK, Vinoj V, Landu K, Babu KSS (2017) Declining
pre-monsoon dust loading over South Asia: signature of a changing
regional climate. Sci Rep 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-01716338-w
Pattanaik DR (2005) Variability of oceanic and atmospheric conditions
during active and inactive periods of storms over the Indian region.
Int J Climatol 25:1523–1530
Pielke RA et al (2005) Hurricanes and global warming. Bull Am
Meteorol Soc 86:1571–1575
Pradhan D, De UK, Singh UV (2012) Development of nowcasting
technique and evaluation of convective indices for thunderstorm
prediction in Gangetic West Bengal (India) using Doppler Weather
Radar and upper air data. Mausam 63:299–318
Prajeesh AG, Ashok K, Rao DVB (2013) Falling monsoon depression
frequency: a Gray-Sikka conditions perspective. Nat Scientific
Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep02989
Priya P, Krishnan R, Mujumdar M, Houze RA (2017) Changing
monsoon and midlatitude circulation interactions over the Western
Himalayas and possible links to occurrences of extreme precipitation. Clim Dyn 49:2351–2364
Raghavan S, Rajesh S (2003) Trends in tropical cyclone impact—a
study in Andhra Pradesh, India. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 84:635–644.
https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-5-635
Raghavendra VK (1973) A statistical analysis of the number of tropical
storms and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during 1890–1969.
Ind J Meteorol Geophys 24:125–130
Raipal DK, Deka SN (1980) ANDHI, the convective dust storm of
northwest India. Mausam 31:31–442
Rajeevan M, Srinivasan J, Niranjan Kumar K, Gnanaseelan C, Ali MM
(2013) On the epochal variation of intensity of tropical cyclones in
the Arabian Sea. Atmos Sci Lett 14:249–255
Ramesh Kumar MR, Sankar S (2010) Impact of global warming on
cyclonic storms over north Indian Ocean. Indian J Mar Sci 39:516–
520
Ramsay H (2017) The global climatology of tropical cyclones. Oxford
research encyclopedia of natural hazard science, Oxford University
Press, 34 pp
Ranalkar MR et al (2016) Incessant rainfall event of June 2013 in
Uttarakhand, India: observational perspectives. In: High-impact
weather events over the SAARC Region. Springer, Cham, pp 303–312
Rao DVB, Srinivas D, Satyanarayana GC (2019) Trends in the genesis
and landfall locations of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal in
the current global warming era. J Earth Syst Sci 128. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s12040-019-1227-1
Rasmussen KL, Houze RA (2012) A flash-flooding storm at the steep
edge of high terrain: disaster in the Himalayas. Bull Amer Meteorol
Soc 93:1713–1724
8 Extreme Storms
171