Dvorak VF (1984) Tropical cyclone intensity analysis using satellite
data. NOAA technical report NESDIS 11:1–47
Elsner JB, Kocher B (2000) Global tropical cyclone activity: a link to
the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 27:129–132
Elsner JB, Kossin JP, Jagger TH (2008) The increasing intensity of the
strongest tropical cyclones. Nature 455:92–95. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nature07234
Emanuel K (2005) Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over
the past 30 years. Nature 436:686
Evan AT, Kossin JP, Ramanathan V (2011) Arabian Sea tropical
cyclones intensified by emissions of black carbon and other
aerosols. Nature 479:94
Evan AT, Kossin JP, Chung C, Ramanathan V (2012) Intensified
Arabian Sea tropical storms. Nature 2012:E2–E3
Ghosh A, Lohar D, Das J (2008) Initiation of Nor’wester in relation to
mid-upper and low-level water vapor patterns on METEOSAT-5
images. Atmos Res 87:116–135
Girishkumar MS, Ravichandran M (2012) The influences of ENSO on
tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal during October–
December. J Geophy Res 117:C02033. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011jc007417
Girishkumar MS, Prakash VT, Ravichandran M (2015) Influence of
Pacific Decadal oscillation on the relationship between ENSO and
tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal during October–
December. Clim Dyn 44:3469–3479
Goswami BN et al (2006) Increasing trend of extreme rain events over
India in a warming environment. Science 314:1442–1445
Gray WM (1968) Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and
storms. Mon Wea Rev 96:669–700
Guhathakurta P, Sreejith OP, Menon PA (2011) Impact of climate
change on extreme rainfall events and flood risk in India. J Earth
Syst Sci 120:359–373
Gupta S, Jain I, Johari P, Lal M (2018) Impact of climate change on
tropical cyclones frequency and intensity on Indian Coasts. In:
Rao PJ et al (eds) Proceedings of international conference on remote
sensing for disaster management. Springer Series in Geomechanics
and Geoengineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77276-9_
32
Haggag M, Yamashita T, Kim KO, Lee HS (2010) Simulation of the
North Indian ocean tropical cyclones using the regional environment simulator: application to cyclone Nargis in 2008. In:
Charabi Y (eds) Indian Ocean tropical cyclones and climate change,
pp 73–82. Springer, Dordrecht
Houze RA, Rasmussen KL, Medina S, Brodzik SR, Romatschke U
(2011) Anomalous atmospheric events leading to the summer 2010
floods in Pakistan. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 92:291–298
Hoyos CD, Agudelo PA, Webster PJ, Curry JA (2006) De-convolution
of the factors contributing to the increase in global hurricane
intensity. Science 312:94–97
Hunt KM, Turner AG, Inness PM, Parker DE, Levine DERC (2016) On
the structure and dynamics of Indian monsoon depressions. Mon
Wea Rev 144:3391–3416
India Meteorological Department (IMD) (2003) Cyclone Manual. IMD,
New Delhi
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland,
72 pp
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland,
151 pp
Kandalgaonkar SS, Tinmaker MIR, Nath A, Kulkarni MK, Trimbake HK (2005) Study of thunderstorm and rainfall activity over the
Indian region. Atmosfera 18:91–101
Kikuchi K, Wang B (2010) Formation of tropical cyclones in the
northern Indian Ocean associated with two types of tropical
intra-seasonal oscillation modes. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 88:475–496.
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2010-313.p-0
KlotzbachPJ, Landsea CW (2015) Extremely intense hurricanes:
revisiting Webster et al. (2005) after 10 years. J Clim 28:7621–7629
Knutson TR et al (2010a) Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nat
Geosci 3:157–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo779
Knutson TR (2010b) Tropical cyclones and climate change: an Indian
Ocean perspective. In: Charabi Y (ed) Indian Ocean tropical
cyclones and climate change, pp 47–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-90-481-3109-9_7
Knutson TR et al (2014) Recent research at GFDL on surface
temperature trends and simulations of tropical cyclone activity in
the Indian Ocean region. In: Mohanty UC et al (eds), Monitoring
and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and climate
change, pp 50–55
Knutson TR et al (2015) Global projections of intense tropical cyclone
activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4. 5 scenarios. J Clim 28:7203–7224
Knutson T et al (2019a) Tropical cyclones and climate change
assessment: part I. Detection and attribution. Bull Am Meteorol
Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0189.1
Knutson T et al (2019b) Tropical cyclones and climate change
assessment: Part II. Projected response to anthropogenic warming.
Bull Am Meteorol Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0194.1
Knutson TK, Tuleya RE (2004) Impact of CO 2 -induced warming on
simulated hurricane intensity and precipitation: sensitivity to the
choice of climate model and convective parameterization. J Clim
17:3477–3495
Knutson TR, Tuleya RE, Kurihara Y (1998) Simulated increase of
hurricane intensities in a CO 2 -warmed climate. Science 279:1018–
1020
Knutson TR, Tuleya RE, Shen W, Ginis I (2001) Impact of CO 2 -
induced warming on hurricane intensities as simulated in a
hurricane model with ocean coupling. J Climate 14:2458–2468
Knutson TR, Delworth T, Dixon K, Held I, Lu J, Ramaswamy V,
Schwarzkopf M, Stenchikov G, Stouffer R (2006) Assessment of
twentieth-century regional surface temperature trends using the
GFDL CM2 coupled models. J Clim 19:1624–1651
Kossin JP (2018) A global slowdown of tropical-cyclone translation
speed. Nature 558:104–107
Krishnan R et al (2016) Deciphering the desiccation trend of the South
Asian monsoon hydroclimate in a warming world. Clim Dyn
47:1007–1027
Krishnan R et al (2019) Unraveling climate change in the Hindu Kush
Himalaya: rapid warming in the mountains and increasing extremes.
In: Wester P et al (eds) The Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment—
mountains, climate change, sustainability and people, pp 57–98
Kulkarni JR et al (2015) Unprecedented hailstorms over north
peninsular India during February–March 2014. J Geophy Res
120:2899–2912
Kulkarni MK, Tinmaker MIR, Manohar GK (2009) Characteristics of
thunderstorm activity over India. Int J Meteorol 34(344): 341
Kumar SVJ, Ashtikar SS, Mohapatra M (2017) Life period of cyclonic
disturbances over the NIO during recent years. In: Mohapatra M
et al (eds) Tropical cyclone activity over the North Indian Ocean.
Springer, Berlin 390 pp
Litta AJ et al (2012) Simulation of tornado over Orissa (India) on
March 31, 2009, using WRF–NMM model. Nat Hazards 61:1219–
1242
Lotus S (2015) Heavy rainfall over Jammu & Kashmir during 3–6
September, 2014 leading to flooding condition. Monsoon 2014: a
report (ESSO/IMD/ SYNOPTIC MET/01(2015)/17). India Meteorological Department, National Climate Center, Pune, India
170
R. K. Vellore et al.
data. NOAA technical report NESDIS 11:1–47
Elsner JB, Kocher B (2000) Global tropical cyclone activity: a link to
the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 27:129–132
Elsner JB, Kossin JP, Jagger TH (2008) The increasing intensity of the
strongest tropical cyclones. Nature 455:92–95. https://doi.org/10.
1038/nature07234
Emanuel K (2005) Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over
the past 30 years. Nature 436:686
Evan AT, Kossin JP, Ramanathan V (2011) Arabian Sea tropical
cyclones intensified by emissions of black carbon and other
aerosols. Nature 479:94
Evan AT, Kossin JP, Chung C, Ramanathan V (2012) Intensified
Arabian Sea tropical storms. Nature 2012:E2–E3
Ghosh A, Lohar D, Das J (2008) Initiation of Nor’wester in relation to
mid-upper and low-level water vapor patterns on METEOSAT-5
images. Atmos Res 87:116–135
Girishkumar MS, Ravichandran M (2012) The influences of ENSO on
tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal during October–
December. J Geophy Res 117:C02033. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011jc007417
Girishkumar MS, Prakash VT, Ravichandran M (2015) Influence of
Pacific Decadal oscillation on the relationship between ENSO and
tropical cyclone activity in the Bay of Bengal during October–
December. Clim Dyn 44:3469–3479
Goswami BN et al (2006) Increasing trend of extreme rain events over
India in a warming environment. Science 314:1442–1445
Gray WM (1968) Global view of the origin of tropical disturbances and
storms. Mon Wea Rev 96:669–700
Guhathakurta P, Sreejith OP, Menon PA (2011) Impact of climate
change on extreme rainfall events and flood risk in India. J Earth
Syst Sci 120:359–373
Gupta S, Jain I, Johari P, Lal M (2018) Impact of climate change on
tropical cyclones frequency and intensity on Indian Coasts. In:
Rao PJ et al (eds) Proceedings of international conference on remote
sensing for disaster management. Springer Series in Geomechanics
and Geoengineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77276-9_
32
Haggag M, Yamashita T, Kim KO, Lee HS (2010) Simulation of the
North Indian ocean tropical cyclones using the regional environment simulator: application to cyclone Nargis in 2008. In:
Charabi Y (eds) Indian Ocean tropical cyclones and climate change,
pp 73–82. Springer, Dordrecht
Houze RA, Rasmussen KL, Medina S, Brodzik SR, Romatschke U
(2011) Anomalous atmospheric events leading to the summer 2010
floods in Pakistan. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 92:291–298
Hoyos CD, Agudelo PA, Webster PJ, Curry JA (2006) De-convolution
of the factors contributing to the increase in global hurricane
intensity. Science 312:94–97
Hunt KM, Turner AG, Inness PM, Parker DE, Levine DERC (2016) On
the structure and dynamics of Indian monsoon depressions. Mon
Wea Rev 144:3391–3416
India Meteorological Department (IMD) (2003) Cyclone Manual. IMD,
New Delhi
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: Synthesis report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland,
72 pp
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of
Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland,
151 pp
Kandalgaonkar SS, Tinmaker MIR, Nath A, Kulkarni MK, Trimbake HK (2005) Study of thunderstorm and rainfall activity over the
Indian region. Atmosfera 18:91–101
Kikuchi K, Wang B (2010) Formation of tropical cyclones in the
northern Indian Ocean associated with two types of tropical
intra-seasonal oscillation modes. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 88:475–496.
https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2010-313.p-0
KlotzbachPJ, Landsea CW (2015) Extremely intense hurricanes:
revisiting Webster et al. (2005) after 10 years. J Clim 28:7621–7629
Knutson TR et al (2010a) Tropical cyclones and climate change. Nat
Geosci 3:157–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo779
Knutson TR (2010b) Tropical cyclones and climate change: an Indian
Ocean perspective. In: Charabi Y (ed) Indian Ocean tropical
cyclones and climate change, pp 47–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/
978-90-481-3109-9_7
Knutson TR et al (2014) Recent research at GFDL on surface
temperature trends and simulations of tropical cyclone activity in
the Indian Ocean region. In: Mohanty UC et al (eds), Monitoring
and prediction of tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean and climate
change, pp 50–55
Knutson TR et al (2015) Global projections of intense tropical cyclone
activity for the late twenty-first century from dynamical downscaling of CMIP5/RCP4. 5 scenarios. J Clim 28:7203–7224
Knutson T et al (2019a) Tropical cyclones and climate change
assessment: part I. Detection and attribution. Bull Am Meteorol
Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0189.1
Knutson T et al (2019b) Tropical cyclones and climate change
assessment: Part II. Projected response to anthropogenic warming.
Bull Am Meteorol Soc. https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0194.1
Knutson TK, Tuleya RE (2004) Impact of CO 2 -induced warming on
simulated hurricane intensity and precipitation: sensitivity to the
choice of climate model and convective parameterization. J Clim
17:3477–3495
Knutson TR, Tuleya RE, Kurihara Y (1998) Simulated increase of
hurricane intensities in a CO 2 -warmed climate. Science 279:1018–
1020
Knutson TR, Tuleya RE, Shen W, Ginis I (2001) Impact of CO 2 -
induced warming on hurricane intensities as simulated in a
hurricane model with ocean coupling. J Climate 14:2458–2468
Knutson TR, Delworth T, Dixon K, Held I, Lu J, Ramaswamy V,
Schwarzkopf M, Stenchikov G, Stouffer R (2006) Assessment of
twentieth-century regional surface temperature trends using the
GFDL CM2 coupled models. J Clim 19:1624–1651
Kossin JP (2018) A global slowdown of tropical-cyclone translation
speed. Nature 558:104–107
Krishnan R et al (2016) Deciphering the desiccation trend of the South
Asian monsoon hydroclimate in a warming world. Clim Dyn
47:1007–1027
Krishnan R et al (2019) Unraveling climate change in the Hindu Kush
Himalaya: rapid warming in the mountains and increasing extremes.
In: Wester P et al (eds) The Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment—
mountains, climate change, sustainability and people, pp 57–98
Kulkarni JR et al (2015) Unprecedented hailstorms over north
peninsular India during February–March 2014. J Geophy Res
120:2899–2912
Kulkarni MK, Tinmaker MIR, Manohar GK (2009) Characteristics of
thunderstorm activity over India. Int J Meteorol 34(344): 341
Kumar SVJ, Ashtikar SS, Mohapatra M (2017) Life period of cyclonic
disturbances over the NIO during recent years. In: Mohapatra M
et al (eds) Tropical cyclone activity over the North Indian Ocean.
Springer, Berlin 390 pp
Litta AJ et al (2012) Simulation of tornado over Orissa (India) on
March 31, 2009, using WRF–NMM model. Nat Hazards 61:1219–
1242
Lotus S (2015) Heavy rainfall over Jammu & Kashmir during 3–6
September, 2014 leading to flooding condition. Monsoon 2014: a
report (ESSO/IMD/ SYNOPTIC MET/01(2015)/17). India Meteorological Department, National Climate Center, Pune, India
170
R. K. Vellore et al.