Romatschke U, Houze RA (2011) Characteristics of precipitating
convective systems in the South Asian monsoon. J Hydrometeorol
12:3–26
Saha U, Maitra A, Midya SK, Das GK (2014) Association of
thunderstorm frequency with rainfall occurrences over an Indian
urban metropolis. Atmos Res 138:240–252
Sahoo BP, Bhaskaran K (2016) Assessment on historical cyclone tracks
in the Bay of Bengal, east coast of India. Int J Climatol 36:95–109
Sebastian M, Behera MR (2015) Impact of SST on tropical cyclones in
North Indian Ocean. Procedia Eng 116:1072–1077
Sikka DR (2006) Major advances in understanding and prediction of
tropical cyclones over the north Indian Ocean: a perspective.
Mausam 57:165–196
Singh OP (2007) Long-term trends in the frequency of severe cyclones
of Bay of Bengal: observations and simulations. Mausam 58:59–66
Singh O, Bhardwaj P (2019) Spatial and temporal variations in the
frequency of thunderstorm days over India. Weather 74:138–144
Singh OP, Khan TMA (1999) Changes in the frequencies of cyclonic
storms and depressions over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
SAARC Meteorological Research Centre Report 2, 121 pp
Singh OP, Rout RK (1999) Frequency of cyclonic disturbances over the
North Indian Ocean during ENSO years. In: Meteorology beyond
2000: Proceedings of TROPMET-99, Chennai, India, pp 297–301
Singh OP, Khan TA, Rahman MS (2000) Changes in the frequency of
tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean. Meteorol Atmos
Phys 75:11–20
Singh OP, Khan TMA, Rahman S (2001) Has the frequency of intense
tropical cyclones increased in the north Indian Ocean? Curr Sci
80:575–580
Singh C, Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Tyagi A (2011)
Thunderstorm climatology over northeast and adjoining east India.
Mausam 62:163–170
Singh K, Panda J, Osuri KK, Vissa NK (2016) Progress in tropical
cyclone predictability and present status in the North Indian Ocean
region. In: Lupo A (ed) in recent developments in tropical cyclone
dynamics, prediction, and detection, pp 193–215. https://doi.org/10.
5772/64333
Singh D, Ghosh S, Roxy MK, McDermid S (2019) Indian summer
monsoon: extreme events, historical changes, and role of anthropogenic forcings. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 10(2):e571
Sugi M, Noda A, Sato N (2002) Influence of the global warming on
tropical cyclone climatology: an experiment with the JMA global
model. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 80:249–272
Sugi M, Murakami H, Yoshimura J (2009) A reduction in global
tropical cyclone frequency due to global warming. Sola 5:164–167
Sugi M, Murakami H, Yoshimura J (2014) Mechanism of the Indian
Ocean tropical cyclone frequency changes due to global warming.
In: Mohanty UC et al (eds) Monitoring and prediction of tropical
cyclones in the Indian Ocean and climate change, pp 40–49. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7720-0_4
Sumesh KGMR, Kumar MR (2013) Tropical cyclones over north
Indian Ocean during El-nino modoki years. Nat Hazards 68:1057–
1074
Thayyen RJ, Dimri AP, Kumar P, Agnihotri G (2013) Study of
cloudburst and flash floods around Leh, India, during August 4–6,
2010. Nat Hazards 65:2175–2204
Tsuboi A, Takemi T (2014) The interannual relationship between MJO
activity and tropical cyclone genesis in the Indian Ocean. Geosci
Lett 1:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2196-4092-1-9
Tyagi A (2007) Thunderstorm climatology over Indian region. Mausam
58:189–212
Tyagi A, Bandyopadhyay BK, Mohapatra M (2010) Monitoring and
prediction of cyclonic disturbances over North Indian ocean by
regional specialised meteorological centre, New Delhi (India):
problems and prospective. Indian Ocean tropical cyclones and
climate change. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 93–103
Tyagi A, Sikka DR, Goyal S, Bhowmick M (2012) A satellite based
study of pre-monsoon thunderstorms (Nor’westers) over eastern
India and their organization into mesoscale convective complexes.
Mausam 63:29–54
Velden C et al (2006) The Dvorak tropical cyclone intensity estimation
technique: a satellite-based method that has endured for over
30 years. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 87:1195–1210
Vellore RK et al (2014) On the anomalous precipitation enhancement
over the Himalayan foothills during monsoon breaks. Clim Dyn
43:2009–2031
Vellore RK et al (2016) Monsoon-extratropical circulation interactions
in Himalayan extreme rainfall. Clim Dyn 46:3517–3546
Vellore RK et al (2019) Sub-synoptic variability in the Himalayan
extreme precipitation event during June 2013. Met Atmos Phy
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-019-00713-5
Vidale PL, Roberts M, Hodges K, Strachan J, Demory ME, Slingo J
(2010) Tropical cyclones in a hierarchy of climate models of
increasing resolution. In: Charabi Y (ed) Indian Ocean tropical
cyclones and climate change. Springer, Berlin, pp 9–14
Vishnu S, Sanjay J, Krishnan R (2019) Assessment of climatological
TC activity over the North Indian Ocean in the CORDEX-South
Asia regional climate models. Clim Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00382-019-04852-8
Walsh KJ et al (2016) Tropical cyclones and climate change. Wiley
Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 7(1):65–89
Wang B, Xu S, Wu L (2012) Intensified Arabian Sea tropical storms.
Nature 489:E1–E2. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11470
Webster PJ, Holland GJ, Curry JA, Chang HR (2005) Changes in
tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming
environment. Science 309:1844–1846
Xie S-P, Deser C, Vecchi GA, Ma J, Teng H, Wittenberg AT (2010)
Global warming pattern formation: sea surface temperature and
rainfall. J Clim 23:966–986
Yoshimura J, Masato S, Noda A (2006) Influence of greenhouse
warming on tropical cyclone frequency. J Meteorol Soc Jpn
84:405–428
Yu J, Wang Y (2009) Response of tropical cyclone potential intensity
over the north Indian Ocean to global warming. Geophys Res Lett
36. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036742
Zhao M, Held IM (2012) TC-permitting GCM simulations of hurricane
frequency response to sea surface temperature anomalies projected
for the late twenty-first century. J Clim 25:2995–3009
Zhao M, Held IM, Lin S-J, Vecchi GA (2009) Simulations of global
hurricane climatology, interannual variability, and response to
global warming using a 50 km resolution GCM. J Clim 22:6653–
6678
172
R. K. Vellore et al.
convective systems in the South Asian monsoon. J Hydrometeorol
12:3–26
Saha U, Maitra A, Midya SK, Das GK (2014) Association of
thunderstorm frequency with rainfall occurrences over an Indian
urban metropolis. Atmos Res 138:240–252
Sahoo BP, Bhaskaran K (2016) Assessment on historical cyclone tracks
in the Bay of Bengal, east coast of India. Int J Climatol 36:95–109
Sebastian M, Behera MR (2015) Impact of SST on tropical cyclones in
North Indian Ocean. Procedia Eng 116:1072–1077
Sikka DR (2006) Major advances in understanding and prediction of
tropical cyclones over the north Indian Ocean: a perspective.
Mausam 57:165–196
Singh OP (2007) Long-term trends in the frequency of severe cyclones
of Bay of Bengal: observations and simulations. Mausam 58:59–66
Singh O, Bhardwaj P (2019) Spatial and temporal variations in the
frequency of thunderstorm days over India. Weather 74:138–144
Singh OP, Khan TMA (1999) Changes in the frequencies of cyclonic
storms and depressions over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
SAARC Meteorological Research Centre Report 2, 121 pp
Singh OP, Rout RK (1999) Frequency of cyclonic disturbances over the
North Indian Ocean during ENSO years. In: Meteorology beyond
2000: Proceedings of TROPMET-99, Chennai, India, pp 297–301
Singh OP, Khan TA, Rahman MS (2000) Changes in the frequency of
tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean. Meteorol Atmos
Phys 75:11–20
Singh OP, Khan TMA, Rahman S (2001) Has the frequency of intense
tropical cyclones increased in the north Indian Ocean? Curr Sci
80:575–580
Singh C, Mohapatra M, Bandyopadhyay BK, Tyagi A (2011)
Thunderstorm climatology over northeast and adjoining east India.
Mausam 62:163–170
Singh K, Panda J, Osuri KK, Vissa NK (2016) Progress in tropical
cyclone predictability and present status in the North Indian Ocean
region. In: Lupo A (ed) in recent developments in tropical cyclone
dynamics, prediction, and detection, pp 193–215. https://doi.org/10.
5772/64333
Singh D, Ghosh S, Roxy MK, McDermid S (2019) Indian summer
monsoon: extreme events, historical changes, and role of anthropogenic forcings. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 10(2):e571
Sugi M, Noda A, Sato N (2002) Influence of the global warming on
tropical cyclone climatology: an experiment with the JMA global
model. J Meteorol Soc Jpn 80:249–272
Sugi M, Murakami H, Yoshimura J (2009) A reduction in global
tropical cyclone frequency due to global warming. Sola 5:164–167
Sugi M, Murakami H, Yoshimura J (2014) Mechanism of the Indian
Ocean tropical cyclone frequency changes due to global warming.
In: Mohanty UC et al (eds) Monitoring and prediction of tropical
cyclones in the Indian Ocean and climate change, pp 40–49. https://
doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7720-0_4
Sumesh KGMR, Kumar MR (2013) Tropical cyclones over north
Indian Ocean during El-nino modoki years. Nat Hazards 68:1057–
1074
Thayyen RJ, Dimri AP, Kumar P, Agnihotri G (2013) Study of
cloudburst and flash floods around Leh, India, during August 4–6,
2010. Nat Hazards 65:2175–2204
Tsuboi A, Takemi T (2014) The interannual relationship between MJO
activity and tropical cyclone genesis in the Indian Ocean. Geosci
Lett 1:9. https://doi.org/10.1186/2196-4092-1-9
Tyagi A (2007) Thunderstorm climatology over Indian region. Mausam
58:189–212
Tyagi A, Bandyopadhyay BK, Mohapatra M (2010) Monitoring and
prediction of cyclonic disturbances over North Indian ocean by
regional specialised meteorological centre, New Delhi (India):
problems and prospective. Indian Ocean tropical cyclones and
climate change. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 93–103
Tyagi A, Sikka DR, Goyal S, Bhowmick M (2012) A satellite based
study of pre-monsoon thunderstorms (Nor’westers) over eastern
India and their organization into mesoscale convective complexes.
Mausam 63:29–54
Velden C et al (2006) The Dvorak tropical cyclone intensity estimation
technique: a satellite-based method that has endured for over
30 years. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 87:1195–1210
Vellore RK et al (2014) On the anomalous precipitation enhancement
over the Himalayan foothills during monsoon breaks. Clim Dyn
43:2009–2031
Vellore RK et al (2016) Monsoon-extratropical circulation interactions
in Himalayan extreme rainfall. Clim Dyn 46:3517–3546
Vellore RK et al (2019) Sub-synoptic variability in the Himalayan
extreme precipitation event during June 2013. Met Atmos Phy
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-019-00713-5
Vidale PL, Roberts M, Hodges K, Strachan J, Demory ME, Slingo J
(2010) Tropical cyclones in a hierarchy of climate models of
increasing resolution. In: Charabi Y (ed) Indian Ocean tropical
cyclones and climate change. Springer, Berlin, pp 9–14
Vishnu S, Sanjay J, Krishnan R (2019) Assessment of climatological
TC activity over the North Indian Ocean in the CORDEX-South
Asia regional climate models. Clim Dyn. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00382-019-04852-8
Walsh KJ et al (2016) Tropical cyclones and climate change. Wiley
Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 7(1):65–89
Wang B, Xu S, Wu L (2012) Intensified Arabian Sea tropical storms.
Nature 489:E1–E2. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11470
Webster PJ, Holland GJ, Curry JA, Chang HR (2005) Changes in
tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming
environment. Science 309:1844–1846
Xie S-P, Deser C, Vecchi GA, Ma J, Teng H, Wittenberg AT (2010)
Global warming pattern formation: sea surface temperature and
rainfall. J Clim 23:966–986
Yoshimura J, Masato S, Noda A (2006) Influence of greenhouse
warming on tropical cyclone frequency. J Meteorol Soc Jpn
84:405–428
Yu J, Wang Y (2009) Response of tropical cyclone potential intensity
over the north Indian Ocean to global warming. Geophys Res Lett
36. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl036742
Zhao M, Held IM (2012) TC-permitting GCM simulations of hurricane
frequency response to sea surface temperature anomalies projected
for the late twenty-first century. J Clim 25:2995–3009
Zhao M, Held IM, Lin S-J, Vecchi GA (2009) Simulations of global
hurricane climatology, interannual variability, and response to
global warming using a 50 km resolution GCM. J Clim 22:6653–
6678
172
R. K. Vellore et al.