Sahu LK, Sheel V, Kajino M et al (2014) Seasonal and interannual
variability of tropospheric ozone over an urban site in India: a study
based on MOZAIC and CCM vertical profiles over Hyderabad.
J Geophys Res Atmos 119:3615–3641. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2013JD021215
Sahu BS, Tandon A, Attri AK (2017) Roles of ozone depleting
substances and solar activity in observed long-term trends in total
ozone column over Indian region. Int J Remote Sens 38:5091–5105.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1333654
Samanta D, Dash MK, Goswami BN, Pandey PC (2016) Extratropical
anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking and Indian summer monsoon
failure. Clim Dyn 46:1547–1562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382015-2661-7
Sanap SD, Pandithurai G (2015) The effect of absorbing aerosols on
Indian monsoon circulation and rainfall: a review. Atmos Res 164–
165:318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.06.002
Sanap SD, Ayantika DC, Pandithurai G, Niranjan K (2014) Assessment
of the aerosol distribution over Indian subcontinent using CMIP5
models. Atmos Environ, 123–137 (in press)
Sanap SD, Pandithurai G, Manoj MG (2015) On the response of Indian
summer monsoon to aerosol forcing in CMIP5 model simulations.
Clim Dyn 45:2949–2961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-0152516-2
Santer BD, Wehner MF, Wigley TML et al (2003) Contributions of
anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height
changes. Science 80-(301):479–483. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.1084123
Saraf N, Beig G (2004) Long-term trends in tropospheric ozone over
the Indian tropical region. Geophys Res Lett 31:n/a. https://doi.org/
10.1029/2003GL018516
Sarkar C, Roy A, Chatterjee A et al (2019) Factors controlling the
long-term (2009–2015) trend of PM 2.5 and black carbon aerosols at
eastern Himalaya, India. Sci Total Environ 656:280–296. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.367
Satheesh S, Babu S, Padmakumari B et al (2017) Variability of
atmospheric aerosols over India, pp 221–248
Saud T, Gautam R, Mandal TK et al (2012) Emission estimates of
organic and elemental carbon from household biomass fuel used
over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India. Atmos Environ 61:212–
220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.030
Schneider T, Bischoff T, Haug GH (2014) Migrations and dynamics of
the intertropical convergence zone. Nature 513:45–53. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature13636
Schumann U, Huntrieser H (2007) The global lightning-induced
nitrogen oxides source. Atmos Chem Phys 7:3823–3907. https://
doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3823-2007
Sharma S, Goel A, Gupta D et al (2015) Emission inventory of
non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic
sources in India. Atmos Environ 102:209–219. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.070
Shindell DT, Lamarque JF, Schulz M et al (2013) Radiative forcing in
the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations. Atmos
Chem Phys 13:2939–2974. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-29392013
Singh R, Sharma C, Agrawal M (2017) Emission inventory of trace
gases from road transport in India. Transp Res Part D Transp
Environ 52:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.011
Singla V, Mukherjee S, Safai PD et al (2017) Role of organic aerosols
in CCN activation and closure over a rural background site in
Western Ghats, India. Atmos Environ 158:148–159. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.037
Sinha A, Berkelhammer M, Stott L et al (2011) The leading mode of
Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation variability during the last
millennium. Geophys Res Lett 38:2–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011GL047713
Sinha V, Kumar V, Sarkar C (2014) Chemical composition of
pre-monsoon air in the Indo-Gangetic Plain measured using a new
air quality facility and PTR-MS: high surface ozone and strong
influence of biomass burning. Atmos Chem Phys 14:5921–5941.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5921-2014
Soni VK, Pandithurai G, Pai DS (2012) Evaluation of long-term
changes of solar radiation in India. Int J Climatol 32:540–551.
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2294
Soni VK, Pandithurai G, Pai DS (2016) Is there a transition of solar
radiation from dimming to brightening over India? Atmos Res
169:209–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.10.010
Srivastava R (2017) Trends in aerosol optical properties over
South Asia. Int J Climatol 37:371–380. https://doi.org/10.1002/
joc.4710
Streets DG, Bond TC, Carmichael GR et al (2003) An inventory of
gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000.
J Geophys Res Atmos 108. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003093
Streets DG, Shindell DT, Lu Z, Faluvegi G (2013) Radiative forcing
due to major aerosol emitting sectors in China and India. Geophys
Res Lett 40:4409–4414. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50805
Tabazadeh A, Drdla K, Schoeberl MR et al (2002) Arctic ozone hole in
a cold volcanic stratosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:2609–
2612. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.052518199
Tandon A, Attri AK (2011) Trends in total ozone column over India:
1979–2008. Atmos Environ 45:1648–1654. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.atmosenv.2011.01.008
Tie XX, Brasseur G (1995) The response of stratospheric ozone to
volcanic eruptions: sensitivity to atmospheric chlorine loading.
Geophys Res Lett 22:3035–3038. https://doi.org/10.1029/
95GL03057
Ul-Haq Z, Rana AD, Ali M et al (2015) Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and its tropospheric variability over Pakistan using
satellite-sensed data. Adv Sp Res 56:583–595. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.asr.2015.04.026
Undorf S, Polson D, Bollasina MA et al (2018) Detectable impact of
local and remote anthropogenic aerosols on the 20th century
changes of West African and South Asian Monsoon precipitation.
J Geophys Res Atmos 123:4871–4889. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2017JD027711
Varghese M, Prabha TV, Malap N et al (2016) Airborne and ground
based CCN spectral characteristics: inferences from CAIPEEX—
2011. Atmos Environ 125:324–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
atmosenv.2015.06.041
Venkanna R, Nikhil GN, Sinha PR et al (2016) Role of lightning
phenomenon over surface O 3 and NO x at a semi-arid tropical site
Hyderabad, India: inter-comparison with satellite retrievals. Theor
Appl Climatol 125:691–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-0151538-3
Venkataraman C, Chandramouli B, Patwardhan A (1999) Anthropogenic sulphate aerosol from India: estimates of burden and direct
radiative forcing. Atmos Environ 33:3225–3235. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S1352-2310(98)00140-X
Venkataraman C, Habib G, Eiguren-Fernandez A et al (2005)
Residential biofuels in South Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emissions
and climate impacts. Science 80-(307):1454–1456. https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1104359
Venkataraman C, Habib G, Kadamba D et al (2006) Emissions from
open biomass burning in India: integrating the inventory approach
with high-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active-fire and land cover data. Global Biogeochem
Cycles 20:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002547
Verma S, Venkataraman C, Boucher O (2011) Attribution of aerosol
radiative forcing over India during the winter monsoon to emissions
from source categories and geographical regions. Atmos Environ
45:4398–4407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.048
5 Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases
115
variability of tropospheric ozone over an urban site in India: a study
based on MOZAIC and CCM vertical profiles over Hyderabad.
J Geophys Res Atmos 119:3615–3641. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2013JD021215
Sahu BS, Tandon A, Attri AK (2017) Roles of ozone depleting
substances and solar activity in observed long-term trends in total
ozone column over Indian region. Int J Remote Sens 38:5091–5105.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1333654
Samanta D, Dash MK, Goswami BN, Pandey PC (2016) Extratropical
anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking and Indian summer monsoon
failure. Clim Dyn 46:1547–1562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382015-2661-7
Sanap SD, Pandithurai G (2015) The effect of absorbing aerosols on
Indian monsoon circulation and rainfall: a review. Atmos Res 164–
165:318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.06.002
Sanap SD, Ayantika DC, Pandithurai G, Niranjan K (2014) Assessment
of the aerosol distribution over Indian subcontinent using CMIP5
models. Atmos Environ, 123–137 (in press)
Sanap SD, Pandithurai G, Manoj MG (2015) On the response of Indian
summer monsoon to aerosol forcing in CMIP5 model simulations.
Clim Dyn 45:2949–2961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-0152516-2
Santer BD, Wehner MF, Wigley TML et al (2003) Contributions of
anthropogenic and natural forcing to recent tropopause height
changes. Science 80-(301):479–483. https://doi.org/10.1126/
science.1084123
Saraf N, Beig G (2004) Long-term trends in tropospheric ozone over
the Indian tropical region. Geophys Res Lett 31:n/a. https://doi.org/
10.1029/2003GL018516
Sarkar C, Roy A, Chatterjee A et al (2019) Factors controlling the
long-term (2009–2015) trend of PM 2.5 and black carbon aerosols at
eastern Himalaya, India. Sci Total Environ 656:280–296. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.367
Satheesh S, Babu S, Padmakumari B et al (2017) Variability of
atmospheric aerosols over India, pp 221–248
Saud T, Gautam R, Mandal TK et al (2012) Emission estimates of
organic and elemental carbon from household biomass fuel used
over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), India. Atmos Environ 61:212–
220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.030
Schneider T, Bischoff T, Haug GH (2014) Migrations and dynamics of
the intertropical convergence zone. Nature 513:45–53. https://doi.
org/10.1038/nature13636
Schumann U, Huntrieser H (2007) The global lightning-induced
nitrogen oxides source. Atmos Chem Phys 7:3823–3907. https://
doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-3823-2007
Sharma S, Goel A, Gupta D et al (2015) Emission inventory of
non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic
sources in India. Atmos Environ 102:209–219. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.070
Shindell DT, Lamarque JF, Schulz M et al (2013) Radiative forcing in
the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations. Atmos
Chem Phys 13:2939–2974. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-29392013
Singh R, Sharma C, Agrawal M (2017) Emission inventory of trace
gases from road transport in India. Transp Res Part D Transp
Environ 52:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.011
Singla V, Mukherjee S, Safai PD et al (2017) Role of organic aerosols
in CCN activation and closure over a rural background site in
Western Ghats, India. Atmos Environ 158:148–159. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.037
Sinha A, Berkelhammer M, Stott L et al (2011) The leading mode of
Indian Summer Monsoon precipitation variability during the last
millennium. Geophys Res Lett 38:2–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011GL047713
Sinha V, Kumar V, Sarkar C (2014) Chemical composition of
pre-monsoon air in the Indo-Gangetic Plain measured using a new
air quality facility and PTR-MS: high surface ozone and strong
influence of biomass burning. Atmos Chem Phys 14:5921–5941.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-5921-2014
Soni VK, Pandithurai G, Pai DS (2012) Evaluation of long-term
changes of solar radiation in India. Int J Climatol 32:540–551.
https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2294
Soni VK, Pandithurai G, Pai DS (2016) Is there a transition of solar
radiation from dimming to brightening over India? Atmos Res
169:209–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.10.010
Srivastava R (2017) Trends in aerosol optical properties over
South Asia. Int J Climatol 37:371–380. https://doi.org/10.1002/
joc.4710
Streets DG, Bond TC, Carmichael GR et al (2003) An inventory of
gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000.
J Geophys Res Atmos 108. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd003093
Streets DG, Shindell DT, Lu Z, Faluvegi G (2013) Radiative forcing
due to major aerosol emitting sectors in China and India. Geophys
Res Lett 40:4409–4414. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50805
Tabazadeh A, Drdla K, Schoeberl MR et al (2002) Arctic ozone hole in
a cold volcanic stratosphere. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:2609–
2612. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.052518199
Tandon A, Attri AK (2011) Trends in total ozone column over India:
1979–2008. Atmos Environ 45:1648–1654. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.atmosenv.2011.01.008
Tie XX, Brasseur G (1995) The response of stratospheric ozone to
volcanic eruptions: sensitivity to atmospheric chlorine loading.
Geophys Res Lett 22:3035–3038. https://doi.org/10.1029/
95GL03057
Ul-Haq Z, Rana AD, Ali M et al (2015) Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and its tropospheric variability over Pakistan using
satellite-sensed data. Adv Sp Res 56:583–595. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.asr.2015.04.026
Undorf S, Polson D, Bollasina MA et al (2018) Detectable impact of
local and remote anthropogenic aerosols on the 20th century
changes of West African and South Asian Monsoon precipitation.
J Geophys Res Atmos 123:4871–4889. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2017JD027711
Varghese M, Prabha TV, Malap N et al (2016) Airborne and ground
based CCN spectral characteristics: inferences from CAIPEEX—
2011. Atmos Environ 125:324–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
atmosenv.2015.06.041
Venkanna R, Nikhil GN, Sinha PR et al (2016) Role of lightning
phenomenon over surface O 3 and NO x at a semi-arid tropical site
Hyderabad, India: inter-comparison with satellite retrievals. Theor
Appl Climatol 125:691–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-0151538-3
Venkataraman C, Chandramouli B, Patwardhan A (1999) Anthropogenic sulphate aerosol from India: estimates of burden and direct
radiative forcing. Atmos Environ 33:3225–3235. https://doi.org/10.
1016/S1352-2310(98)00140-X
Venkataraman C, Habib G, Eiguren-Fernandez A et al (2005)
Residential biofuels in South Asia: carbonaceous aerosol emissions
and climate impacts. Science 80-(307):1454–1456. https://doi.org/
10.1126/science.1104359
Venkataraman C, Habib G, Kadamba D et al (2006) Emissions from
open biomass burning in India: integrating the inventory approach
with high-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active-fire and land cover data. Global Biogeochem
Cycles 20:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GB002547
Verma S, Venkataraman C, Boucher O (2011) Attribution of aerosol
radiative forcing over India during the winter monsoon to emissions
from source categories and geographical regions. Atmos Environ
45:4398–4407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.048
5 Atmospheric Aerosols and Trace Gases
115