Misra A, Kanawade VP, Tripathi SN (2016) Quantitative assessment of
AOD from 17 CMIP5 models based on satellite-derived AOD over
India. Ann Geophys 34:657–671. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34657-2016
Müller S, Hoor P, Bozem H et al (2016) Impact of the Asian monsoon
on the extratropical lower stratosphere: trace gas observations
during TACTS over Europe 2012. Atmos Chem Phys 16:10573–
10589. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10573-2016
Naik V, Mauzerall D, Horowitz L et al (2005) Net radiative forcing due
to changes in regional emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors.
J Geophys Res Atmos 110:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2005JD005908
Nair S, Sanjay J, Pandithurai G et al (2012) On the parameterization of
cloud droplet effective radius using CAIPEEX aircraft observations
for warm clouds in India. Atmos Res 108:104–114. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.02.002
Nair VS, Babu SS, Manoj MR et al (2016) Direct radiative effects of
aerosols over South Asia from observations and modeling. Clim
Dyn 49:1411–1428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3384-0
Nair PR, Ajayakumar RS, David LM et al (2018) Decadal changes in
surface ozone at the tropical station Thiruvananthapuram (8.542° N,
76.858° E), India: effects of anthropogenic activities and meteorological variability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:14827–14843. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1695-x
Naja M, Lal S (1996) Changes in surface ozone amount and its diurnal
and seasonal patterns, from 1954-55 to 1991-93, measured at
Ahmedabad (23 N), India. Geophys Res Lett 23:81–84
Ohba M, Shiogama H, Yokohata T, Watanabe M (2013) Impact of
strong tropical volcanic eruptions on ENSO simulated in a coupled
gcm. J Clim 26:5169–5182. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-1200471.1
Padmakumari B, Maheskumar RS, Harikishan G et al (2013) In situ
measurements of aerosol vertical and spatial distributions over
continental India during the major drought year 2009. Atmos Environ
80:107–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.064
Pan X, Chin M, Gautam R et al (2015) A multi-model evaluation of
aerosols over South Asia: common problems and possible causes.
Atmos Chem Phys 15:5903–5928. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-155903-2015
Pandey A, Sadavarte P, Rao AB, Venkataraman C (2014) Trends in
multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for
India: II. Residential, agricultural and informal industry sectors.
Atmos Environ 99:341–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.
2014.09.080
Pandey SK, Vinoj V, Landu K, Babu SS (2017) Declining
pre-monsoon dust loading over South Asia: signature of a changing
regional climate. Sci Rep 7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598017-16338-w
Pandithurai G, Dipu S, Dani KK et al (2008) Aerosol radiative forcing
during dust events over New Delhi, India. J Geophys Res Atmos
113:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009804
Pandithurai G, Dipu S, Prabha T V et al (2012) Aerosol effect on
droplet spectral dispersion in warm continental cumuli. J Geophys
Res Atmos 117. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016532
Panicker AS, Pandithurai G, Dipu S (2010) Aerosol indirect effect
during successive contrasting monsoon seasons over Indian
subcontinent using MODIS data. Atmos Environ 44:1937–1943.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.015
Patade S, Nagare B, Wagh S et al (2014) Deposition ice nuclei
observations over the Indian region during CAIPEEX. Atmos Res
149:300–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.07.001
Pathak B, Subba T, Dahutia P et al (2016) Aerosol characteristics in
north-east India using ARFINET spectral optical depth measurements. Atmos Environ 125:461–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
atmosenv.2015.07.038
Pathakoti M, Asuri LK, Venkata MD et al (2018) Assessment of total
columnar ozone climatological trends over the Indian sub-continent.
Int J Remote Sens 39:3963–3982. https://doi.org/10.1080/
01431161.2018.1452066
Prabha TV and Khain A (2020) Water vapor and pollutants, aerosol–
cloud interactions. In: Patricia A. Maurice (ed) Encyclopedia of
water: science, technology and society. https://doi.org/10.1002/
9781119300762.wsts0093
Prabha TV, Patade S, Pandithurai G et al (2012) Spectral width of
premonsoon and monsoon clouds over Indo-Gangetic valley.
J Geophys Res Atmos 117:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011JD016837
Pu B, Ginoux P (2018) How reliable are CMIP5 models in simulating
dust optical depth? Atmos Chem Phys 18:12491–12510. https://doi.
org/10.5194/acp-18-12491-2018
Rai P, Dimri AP (2017) Effect of changing tropical easterly jet, low
level jet and quasi-biennial oscillation phases on Indian summer
monsoon. Atmos Sci Lett 18:52–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/
asl.723
Raj STA, Venkat Ratnam M, Narayana Rao D, Krishna Murthy BV
(2018) Long-term trends in stratospheric ozone, temperature, and
water vapor over the Indian region. Ann Geophys 36:149–165.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018
Ramachandran S, Rengarajan R, Jayaraman A et al (2006) Aerosol
radiative forcing during clear, hazy, and foggy conditions over a
continental polluted location in north India. J Geophys Res Atmos
111:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007142
Ramachandran S, Kedia S, Srivastava R (2012) Aerosol optical depth
trends over different regions of India. Atmos Environ 49:338–347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.017
Ramanathan V, Chung C, Kim D et al (2005) Atmospheric brown
clouds: impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:5326–5333. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.0500656102
Rana A, Jia S, Sarkar S (2019) Black carbon aerosol in India: a
comprehensive review of current status and future prospects. Atmos
Res 218:207–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.002
Ravi Kiran V, Talukdar S, Venkat Ratnam M, Jayaraman A (2018)
Long-term observations of black carbon aerosol over a rural
location in southern peninsular India: role of dynamics and
meteorology. Atmos Environ 189:264–274. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.020
Reddy MS, Boucher O, Venkataraman C et al (2004) General
circulation model estimates of aerosol transport and radiative
forcing during the Indian Ocean Experiment. J Geophys Res Atmos
109:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004557
Robock A (2015) Important research questions on volcanic eruptions
and climate. PAGES Mag 23. https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.23.2.
68
Roy C, Fadnavis S, Müller R et al (2017) Influence of enhanced Asian
NO x emissions on ozone in the upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere in chemistry-climate model simulations. Atmos Chem
Phys 17:1297–1311. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1297-2017
Sadavarte P, Venkataraman C (2014) Trends in multi-pollutant
emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: I. Industry
and transport sectors. Atmos Environ 99:353–364. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.081
Sahai S, Sharma C, Singh DP et al (2007) A study for development of
emission factors for trace gases and carbonaceous particulate
species from in situ burning of wheat straw in agricultural fields in
India. Atmos Environ 41:9173–9186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
atmosenv.2007.07.054
Sahu SK, Beig G, Sharma C (2008) Decadal growth of black carbon
emissions in India. Geophys Res Lett 35:1–5. https://doi.org/10.
1029/2007GL032333
114
S. Fadnavis et al.
AOD from 17 CMIP5 models based on satellite-derived AOD over
India. Ann Geophys 34:657–671. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34657-2016
Müller S, Hoor P, Bozem H et al (2016) Impact of the Asian monsoon
on the extratropical lower stratosphere: trace gas observations
during TACTS over Europe 2012. Atmos Chem Phys 16:10573–
10589. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10573-2016
Naik V, Mauzerall D, Horowitz L et al (2005) Net radiative forcing due
to changes in regional emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors.
J Geophys Res Atmos 110:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2005JD005908
Nair S, Sanjay J, Pandithurai G et al (2012) On the parameterization of
cloud droplet effective radius using CAIPEEX aircraft observations
for warm clouds in India. Atmos Res 108:104–114. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.02.002
Nair VS, Babu SS, Manoj MR et al (2016) Direct radiative effects of
aerosols over South Asia from observations and modeling. Clim
Dyn 49:1411–1428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3384-0
Nair PR, Ajayakumar RS, David LM et al (2018) Decadal changes in
surface ozone at the tropical station Thiruvananthapuram (8.542° N,
76.858° E), India: effects of anthropogenic activities and meteorological variability. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:14827–14843. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1695-x
Naja M, Lal S (1996) Changes in surface ozone amount and its diurnal
and seasonal patterns, from 1954-55 to 1991-93, measured at
Ahmedabad (23 N), India. Geophys Res Lett 23:81–84
Ohba M, Shiogama H, Yokohata T, Watanabe M (2013) Impact of
strong tropical volcanic eruptions on ENSO simulated in a coupled
gcm. J Clim 26:5169–5182. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-1200471.1
Padmakumari B, Maheskumar RS, Harikishan G et al (2013) In situ
measurements of aerosol vertical and spatial distributions over
continental India during the major drought year 2009. Atmos Environ
80:107–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.064
Pan X, Chin M, Gautam R et al (2015) A multi-model evaluation of
aerosols over South Asia: common problems and possible causes.
Atmos Chem Phys 15:5903–5928. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-155903-2015
Pandey A, Sadavarte P, Rao AB, Venkataraman C (2014) Trends in
multi-pollutant emissions from a technology-linked inventory for
India: II. Residential, agricultural and informal industry sectors.
Atmos Environ 99:341–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.
2014.09.080
Pandey SK, Vinoj V, Landu K, Babu SS (2017) Declining
pre-monsoon dust loading over South Asia: signature of a changing
regional climate. Sci Rep 7:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598017-16338-w
Pandithurai G, Dipu S, Dani KK et al (2008) Aerosol radiative forcing
during dust events over New Delhi, India. J Geophys Res Atmos
113:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009804
Pandithurai G, Dipu S, Prabha T V et al (2012) Aerosol effect on
droplet spectral dispersion in warm continental cumuli. J Geophys
Res Atmos 117. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016532
Panicker AS, Pandithurai G, Dipu S (2010) Aerosol indirect effect
during successive contrasting monsoon seasons over Indian
subcontinent using MODIS data. Atmos Environ 44:1937–1943.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.015
Patade S, Nagare B, Wagh S et al (2014) Deposition ice nuclei
observations over the Indian region during CAIPEEX. Atmos Res
149:300–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.07.001
Pathak B, Subba T, Dahutia P et al (2016) Aerosol characteristics in
north-east India using ARFINET spectral optical depth measurements. Atmos Environ 125:461–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
atmosenv.2015.07.038
Pathakoti M, Asuri LK, Venkata MD et al (2018) Assessment of total
columnar ozone climatological trends over the Indian sub-continent.
Int J Remote Sens 39:3963–3982. https://doi.org/10.1080/
01431161.2018.1452066
Prabha TV and Khain A (2020) Water vapor and pollutants, aerosol–
cloud interactions. In: Patricia A. Maurice (ed) Encyclopedia of
water: science, technology and society. https://doi.org/10.1002/
9781119300762.wsts0093
Prabha TV, Patade S, Pandithurai G et al (2012) Spectral width of
premonsoon and monsoon clouds over Indo-Gangetic valley.
J Geophys Res Atmos 117:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011JD016837
Pu B, Ginoux P (2018) How reliable are CMIP5 models in simulating
dust optical depth? Atmos Chem Phys 18:12491–12510. https://doi.
org/10.5194/acp-18-12491-2018
Rai P, Dimri AP (2017) Effect of changing tropical easterly jet, low
level jet and quasi-biennial oscillation phases on Indian summer
monsoon. Atmos Sci Lett 18:52–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/
asl.723
Raj STA, Venkat Ratnam M, Narayana Rao D, Krishna Murthy BV
(2018) Long-term trends in stratospheric ozone, temperature, and
water vapor over the Indian region. Ann Geophys 36:149–165.
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-149-2018
Ramachandran S, Rengarajan R, Jayaraman A et al (2006) Aerosol
radiative forcing during clear, hazy, and foggy conditions over a
continental polluted location in north India. J Geophys Res Atmos
111:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007142
Ramachandran S, Kedia S, Srivastava R (2012) Aerosol optical depth
trends over different regions of India. Atmos Environ 49:338–347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.017
Ramanathan V, Chung C, Kim D et al (2005) Atmospheric brown
clouds: impacts on South Asian climate and hydrological cycle.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:5326–5333. https://doi.org/10.1073/
pnas.0500656102
Rana A, Jia S, Sarkar S (2019) Black carbon aerosol in India: a
comprehensive review of current status and future prospects. Atmos
Res 218:207–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.002
Ravi Kiran V, Talukdar S, Venkat Ratnam M, Jayaraman A (2018)
Long-term observations of black carbon aerosol over a rural
location in southern peninsular India: role of dynamics and
meteorology. Atmos Environ 189:264–274. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.020
Reddy MS, Boucher O, Venkataraman C et al (2004) General
circulation model estimates of aerosol transport and radiative
forcing during the Indian Ocean Experiment. J Geophys Res Atmos
109:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004557
Robock A (2015) Important research questions on volcanic eruptions
and climate. PAGES Mag 23. https://doi.org/10.22498/pages.23.2.
68
Roy C, Fadnavis S, Müller R et al (2017) Influence of enhanced Asian
NO x emissions on ozone in the upper troposphere and lower
stratosphere in chemistry-climate model simulations. Atmos Chem
Phys 17:1297–1311. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1297-2017
Sadavarte P, Venkataraman C (2014) Trends in multi-pollutant
emissions from a technology-linked inventory for India: I. Industry
and transport sectors. Atmos Environ 99:353–364. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.081
Sahai S, Sharma C, Singh DP et al (2007) A study for development of
emission factors for trace gases and carbonaceous particulate
species from in situ burning of wheat straw in agricultural fields in
India. Atmos Environ 41:9173–9186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
atmosenv.2007.07.054
Sahu SK, Beig G, Sharma C (2008) Decadal growth of black carbon
emissions in India. Geophys Res Lett 35:1–5. https://doi.org/10.
1029/2007GL032333
114
S. Fadnavis et al.