Gurnule D, Todekar K, Prabha TV (2020a) Eddy covariance
measurements of CO 2 exchange from agro-ecosystems located in
subtropical (India) and boreal (Finland) climatic conditions. J Earth
Syst Sci 129:43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1305-4
Deb Burman PK, Sarma D, Chakraborty S, Karipot A, Jain AK (2020b)
The effect of Indian summer monsoon on the seasonal variation of
carbon sequestration by a forest ecosystem over north-east India.
SN Appl Sci 2:154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1934-x
Debnath G, Jain MC, Kumar S, Sarkar K, Sinha SK (1996) Methane
emissions from rice fields amended with biogas slurry and farm
yard manure. Clim Change 33:97–109
Dlugokencky EJ, Nisbet EG, Fisher R, Lowry D (2011) Global
atmospheric methane: budget, changes and dangers. Philos Trans R
Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0341
Dörr H, Katruff L, Levin I (1993) Soil texture parameterization of the
methane uptake in aerated soils. Chemosphere 26:698–713. https://
doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90454-D
Etheridge DM, et al (1998) Atmospheric methane between 1000 AD
and present: evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climatic
variability. J Geophys Res Atmos 103.D13(1998):15979–15993.
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00923
Fricko O, Havlik P, Rogelj J, Riahi K, Klimont Z, Gusti M, Johnson N,
Kolp P, Strubegger M, Valin H, Amann M, Ermolieva T, Forsell N,
Herrero M, Heyes C, Kindermann G, Krey V, McCollum DL,
Obersteiner M, Pachauri S, Rao S, Schmid E, Schoepp W (2016)
SSP2: a middle-of-the-road scenario for the 21st century. Glob
Environ Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.004
Fujimori S, Hasegawa T, Masui T, Takahashi K, Herran DS, Dai H,
Hijioka Y, Kainuma M (2016) AIM implementation of shared
socioeconomic pathways. Glob Environ Change. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.009
Gahlot S, Shu S, Jain AK, Baidya Roy S (2017) Estimating trends and
variation of net biome productivity in India for 1980–2012 using a
land surface model. Geophys Res Lett 44. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2017gl075777
Ganesan AL, Chatterjee A, Prinn RG, Harth CM, Salameh PK,
Manning AJ, Hall BD, Mühle J, Meredith LK, Weiss RF,
O’Doherty S, Young D (2013) The variability of methane, nitrous
oxide and sulfur hexafluoride in Northeast India. Atmos Chem Phys
13:10633–10644. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10633-2013
Ganesan AL, Rigby M, Lunt MF, Parker RJ, Boesch H, Goulding N,
Umezawa T, Zahn A, Chatterjee A, Prinn RG, Tiwari YK, van der
Schoot M, Krummel PB (2017) Atmospheric observations show
accurate reporting and little growth in India’s methane emissions.
Nat Commun 8. Article 836. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-01700994-7
Garg A, Kankal B, Shukla PR (2011) Methane emissions in India:
sub-regional and sectoral trends. Atmos Environ 45(28):4922–4929.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.004
Ghosh S, Majumdar D, Jain MC (2003) Methane and nitrous oxide
emissions from an irrigated rice of north India. Chemosphere
51:181–195
Gidden MJ, Riahi K, Smith SJ, Fujimori S, Luderer G, Kriegler E, van
Vuuren DP et al (2018) Global emissions pathways under different
socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century. Geosci
Model Dev Discuss 2018:1–42. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd2018266
Gnanamoorthy P, Selvam V, Ramasubramanian R, Chakraborty S, Deb
Burman PK, Karipot A (2019) Diurnal and seasonal patterns of soil
CO 2 efflux from south east coastal Indian mangrove. Environ Monit
Assess 191:258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7407-2
Gnanamoorthy P, Selvam V, Deb Burman PK, Chakraborty S,
Nagarajan R, Karipot A, Ramasubramanian R, Grace J (2020)
Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy
fluxes in Indian tropical mangrove forest of Pichavaram using eddy
covariance technique. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci (in press)
Hasegawa T, Havlik P, Hilaire J, Hoesly R, Horing J, Popp A,
Stehfest E, Takahashi K (2018) Global emissions pathways under
different socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of
harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century.
Geosci Model Dev Discuss (in review). https://doi.org/10.5194/
gmd-2018-266
IPCC (2007) Forster P, Ramaswamy V, Artaxo P, Berntsen T, Betts R,
Fahey DW, Haywood J, Lean J, Lowe DC, Myhre G, Nganga J,
Prinn R, Raga G, Schulz M, Van DR. Changes in atmospheric
constituents and in radiative forcing. In: Solomon S, Qin D,
Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL
(eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution
of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, New York
IPCC, Climate Change (2013) The physical science basis. In:
Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK,
Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, New York, 1535 pp
Jain MC, Kumar S, Wassmann R et al (2000) Methane emissions from
irrigated rice fields in northern India (New Delhi). Nutr Cycl
Agroecosyst 58:75–83
Jain SK, Kumar V, Saharia M (2013) Analysis of rainfall and
temperature trends in northeast India. Int J Climatol 33:968–978
Jha CS, Thumaty KC, Rodda SR, Sonakia A, Dadhwal VK (2013)
Analysis of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy fluxes over an
Indian teak mixed deciduous forest for winter and summer months
using eddy covariance technique. J Earth Syst Sci 122:1259–1268
Jha CS, Rodda SR, Thumaty KC, Raha AK, Dadhwal VK (2014) Eddy
covariance based methane flux in Sundarbans mangroves, India.
J Earth Syst Sci 123:1089–1096
Kaul M, Dadhwal VK, Mohren GMJ (2009) Land use change and net C
flux in Indian forests. For Ecol Manage 258:100–108
Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Brass M, Röckmann T (2006) Methane
emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature
439:187–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04420
Kriegler E, Bauer N, Popp A, Humpenöder F, Leimbach M, Strefler J,
Baumstark L, Bodirsky B, Hilaire J, Klein D, Mouratiadou I,
Weindl I, Bertram C, Dietrich J-P, Luderer G, Pehl M, Pietzcker R,
Piontek F, Lotze-Campen H, Biewald A, Bonsch M, Giannousakis A, Kreidenweis U, Müller C, Rolinski S, Schwanitz J,
Stefanovic M (2016) Fossil-fueled development (SSP5): an energy
and resource intensive scenario for the 21st century. Glob Environ
Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.015
Kumaresan S, Shekhar S, Chakraborty S, Sundaramanickama A,
Kuly N (2018) Environmental variables and nutrients in selected
islands of Lakshadweep Sea; addressing coral bleaching. Reg Stud
Mar Sci 22:38–48
Lal S, Venkataramani S, Subbaraya B (1993) Methane flux measurements from paddy fields in the tropical Indian region. Atmos
Environ 27:1–3
Lin X, Indira NK, Ramonet M, Delmotte M, Ciais P, Bhatt BC,
Reddy MV, Angchuk D, Balakrishnan S, Jorphail S, Dorjai T,
Mahey TT, Patnaik S, Begum M, Brenninkmeijer C, Durairaj S,
Kirubagaran R, Schmidt M, Swathi PS, Vinithkumar NV, Yver
Kwok C, Gaur VK (2015) Long-lived atmospheric trace gases
measurements in flask samples from three stations in India. Atmos
Chem Phys 15:9819–9849. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-98192015
90
S. Chakraborty et al.
measurements of CO 2 exchange from agro-ecosystems located in
subtropical (India) and boreal (Finland) climatic conditions. J Earth
Syst Sci 129:43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-019-1305-4
Deb Burman PK, Sarma D, Chakraborty S, Karipot A, Jain AK (2020b)
The effect of Indian summer monsoon on the seasonal variation of
carbon sequestration by a forest ecosystem over north-east India.
SN Appl Sci 2:154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1934-x
Debnath G, Jain MC, Kumar S, Sarkar K, Sinha SK (1996) Methane
emissions from rice fields amended with biogas slurry and farm
yard manure. Clim Change 33:97–109
Dlugokencky EJ, Nisbet EG, Fisher R, Lowry D (2011) Global
atmospheric methane: budget, changes and dangers. Philos Trans R
Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0341
Dörr H, Katruff L, Levin I (1993) Soil texture parameterization of the
methane uptake in aerated soils. Chemosphere 26:698–713. https://
doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90454-D
Etheridge DM, et al (1998) Atmospheric methane between 1000 AD
and present: evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climatic
variability. J Geophys Res Atmos 103.D13(1998):15979–15993.
https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00923
Fricko O, Havlik P, Rogelj J, Riahi K, Klimont Z, Gusti M, Johnson N,
Kolp P, Strubegger M, Valin H, Amann M, Ermolieva T, Forsell N,
Herrero M, Heyes C, Kindermann G, Krey V, McCollum DL,
Obersteiner M, Pachauri S, Rao S, Schmid E, Schoepp W (2016)
SSP2: a middle-of-the-road scenario for the 21st century. Glob
Environ Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.004
Fujimori S, Hasegawa T, Masui T, Takahashi K, Herran DS, Dai H,
Hijioka Y, Kainuma M (2016) AIM implementation of shared
socioeconomic pathways. Glob Environ Change. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.06.009
Gahlot S, Shu S, Jain AK, Baidya Roy S (2017) Estimating trends and
variation of net biome productivity in India for 1980–2012 using a
land surface model. Geophys Res Lett 44. https://doi.org/10.1002/
2017gl075777
Ganesan AL, Chatterjee A, Prinn RG, Harth CM, Salameh PK,
Manning AJ, Hall BD, Mühle J, Meredith LK, Weiss RF,
O’Doherty S, Young D (2013) The variability of methane, nitrous
oxide and sulfur hexafluoride in Northeast India. Atmos Chem Phys
13:10633–10644. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10633-2013
Ganesan AL, Rigby M, Lunt MF, Parker RJ, Boesch H, Goulding N,
Umezawa T, Zahn A, Chatterjee A, Prinn RG, Tiwari YK, van der
Schoot M, Krummel PB (2017) Atmospheric observations show
accurate reporting and little growth in India’s methane emissions.
Nat Commun 8. Article 836. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-01700994-7
Garg A, Kankal B, Shukla PR (2011) Methane emissions in India:
sub-regional and sectoral trends. Atmos Environ 45(28):4922–4929.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.004
Ghosh S, Majumdar D, Jain MC (2003) Methane and nitrous oxide
emissions from an irrigated rice of north India. Chemosphere
51:181–195
Gidden MJ, Riahi K, Smith SJ, Fujimori S, Luderer G, Kriegler E, van
Vuuren DP et al (2018) Global emissions pathways under different
socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century. Geosci
Model Dev Discuss 2018:1–42. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd2018266
Gnanamoorthy P, Selvam V, Ramasubramanian R, Chakraborty S, Deb
Burman PK, Karipot A (2019) Diurnal and seasonal patterns of soil
CO 2 efflux from south east coastal Indian mangrove. Environ Monit
Assess 191:258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7407-2
Gnanamoorthy P, Selvam V, Deb Burman PK, Chakraborty S,
Nagarajan R, Karipot A, Ramasubramanian R, Grace J (2020)
Seasonal variations of carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy
fluxes in Indian tropical mangrove forest of Pichavaram using eddy
covariance technique. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci (in press)
Hasegawa T, Havlik P, Hilaire J, Hoesly R, Horing J, Popp A,
Stehfest E, Takahashi K (2018) Global emissions pathways under
different socioeconomic scenarios for use in CMIP6: a dataset of
harmonized emissions trajectories through the end of the century.
Geosci Model Dev Discuss (in review). https://doi.org/10.5194/
gmd-2018-266
IPCC (2007) Forster P, Ramaswamy V, Artaxo P, Berntsen T, Betts R,
Fahey DW, Haywood J, Lean J, Lowe DC, Myhre G, Nganga J,
Prinn R, Raga G, Schulz M, Van DR. Changes in atmospheric
constituents and in radiative forcing. In: Solomon S, Qin D,
Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL
(eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution
of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, New York
IPCC, Climate Change (2013) The physical science basis. In:
Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK,
Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, New York, 1535 pp
Jain MC, Kumar S, Wassmann R et al (2000) Methane emissions from
irrigated rice fields in northern India (New Delhi). Nutr Cycl
Agroecosyst 58:75–83
Jain SK, Kumar V, Saharia M (2013) Analysis of rainfall and
temperature trends in northeast India. Int J Climatol 33:968–978
Jha CS, Thumaty KC, Rodda SR, Sonakia A, Dadhwal VK (2013)
Analysis of carbon dioxide, water vapour and energy fluxes over an
Indian teak mixed deciduous forest for winter and summer months
using eddy covariance technique. J Earth Syst Sci 122:1259–1268
Jha CS, Rodda SR, Thumaty KC, Raha AK, Dadhwal VK (2014) Eddy
covariance based methane flux in Sundarbans mangroves, India.
J Earth Syst Sci 123:1089–1096
Kaul M, Dadhwal VK, Mohren GMJ (2009) Land use change and net C
flux in Indian forests. For Ecol Manage 258:100–108
Keppler F, Hamilton JTG, Brass M, Röckmann T (2006) Methane
emissions from terrestrial plants under aerobic conditions. Nature
439:187–191. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04420
Kriegler E, Bauer N, Popp A, Humpenöder F, Leimbach M, Strefler J,
Baumstark L, Bodirsky B, Hilaire J, Klein D, Mouratiadou I,
Weindl I, Bertram C, Dietrich J-P, Luderer G, Pehl M, Pietzcker R,
Piontek F, Lotze-Campen H, Biewald A, Bonsch M, Giannousakis A, Kreidenweis U, Müller C, Rolinski S, Schwanitz J,
Stefanovic M (2016) Fossil-fueled development (SSP5): an energy
and resource intensive scenario for the 21st century. Glob Environ
Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.05.015
Kumaresan S, Shekhar S, Chakraborty S, Sundaramanickama A,
Kuly N (2018) Environmental variables and nutrients in selected
islands of Lakshadweep Sea; addressing coral bleaching. Reg Stud
Mar Sci 22:38–48
Lal S, Venkataramani S, Subbaraya B (1993) Methane flux measurements from paddy fields in the tropical Indian region. Atmos
Environ 27:1–3
Lin X, Indira NK, Ramonet M, Delmotte M, Ciais P, Bhatt BC,
Reddy MV, Angchuk D, Balakrishnan S, Jorphail S, Dorjai T,
Mahey TT, Patnaik S, Begum M, Brenninkmeijer C, Durairaj S,
Kirubagaran R, Schmidt M, Swathi PS, Vinithkumar NV, Yver
Kwok C, Gaur VK (2015) Long-lived atmospheric trace gases
measurements in flask samples from three stations in India. Atmos
Chem Phys 15:9819–9849. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-98192015
90
S. Chakraborty et al.