62
Kenney KL, Smith WA, Greasham GJ, Westover TL (2013) Understanding biomass feedstock
variability. Biofuels 4(1):111–127
Lam CHK, Ip AWM, Barford JP, McKay G (2010) Use of incineration MSW ash: review.
Sustainability 2:1943–1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2071943
Li S, Yu S, Wang F-C, Wang J (2012) Pyrolytic characteristics of rice straw and its constituents
catalyzed by internal alkali and alkali earth metals. Fuel 96:586–594
Liu Z, Han G (2015) Production of solid fuel biochar from waste biomass by low temperature
pyrolysis. Fuel 158:159–165
Liu W-J, Tian K, Jiang H, Zhang X-S, Yang G-X (2013) Preparation of liquid chemical feedstocks
by co-pyrolysis of electronic waste and biomass without formation of polybrominated dibenzop- dioxins. Bioresour Technol 128:1–7
Liu Z-S, Li WK, Huang C-Y (2014) Synthesis of mesoporous silica materials from municipal solid
waste incinerator bottom ash. Waste Manag 34:893–900
Lohri CR, Sweeney D, Rajabu HM (2015) Carbonizing urban biowaste for low-cost char production in developing countries: a review of knowledge, practices and technologies. Joint Report by
Eawag, MIT D-Lab and UDSM. https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/SWM/Carbonization_of_Urban_Bio-waste/Carbonization_of_Biowaste_
in_DCs_FINALx.pdf
Lou L, Wu B, Wang L, Luo L, Xu X, Hou J, Xun B, Hu B, Chen Y (2011) Sorption and ecotoxicity
of pentachlorophenol polluted sediment amended with rice-straw derived biochar. Bioresour
Technol 102(5):4036–4041
Lu R, Sheng G-P, Hu Y-Y, Zheng P, Jiang H, Tang Y, Yu H-Q (2011) Fractional characterization of
a bio-oil derived from rice husk. Biomass Bioenergy 35:671–678
Maguyon MCC, Capareda SC (2013) Evaluating the effects of temperature on pressurized
Ppyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata based on products yields, and characteristics. Energy
Convers Manag J 76:764–773
Maguyon-Detras MC, Capareda SC (2017) Determining the operating condition for maximum
bio-oil production from pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata. Philippine J Crop Sci 42(2):37–
47. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173297237
Mahinpey N, Murugan P, Mani T, Raina R (2009) Analysis of bio-oil, biogas and biochar from
pressurized pyrolysis of wheat straw using a tubular reactor. Energy Fuel 23:2736–2742.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ef8010959
McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 2): conversion technologies. Bioresour
Technol 83:47–54
Migo MVP (2019) Optimization and life cycle assessment of the direct combustion of rice straw
using a small scale, stationary grate furnace for heat generation. Unpubl. Masters thesis.
University of the Philippines Los Baños
Nam H, Capareda SC, Ashwath N, Kongkasawan J (2015) Experimental investigation of pyrolysis
of rice straw using bench-scale auger, batch and fluidized bed reactors. Energy 93:2384–2394
Nussbaumer T (2003) Combustion and co-combustion of biomass: fundamental, technologies,
and primary measures for emission reduction. Energy Fuel 17(6):1510–1521. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ef030031q
Obernberger I (2008) Industrial combustion of solid biomass fuels: state of the art and relevant
future developments. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from: https://www.bios-bioenergy.at/
uploads/media/Paper-Obernberger-Industrial-combustion-of-solid-bimass-fuels-2008-10-15.
pdf
Ouda O, Raza S, Nizami A, Rehan M, Al-Waked R, Korres N (2016) Waste to energy potential:
a case study of Saudi Arabia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 61:328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2016.04.005
Park Y-K, Jeon J-K, Kim S, Kim JS (2004) Bio-oil from rice straw by pyrolysis using fluidized
bed and char removal system. Preprints Papers Am Chem Soc Div Fuel Chem 49(2):800–801
Park J, Lee Y, Ryu C, Park Y-K (2014) Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: analysis of products properties,
carbon and energy yields. Bioresour Technol 155:63–70
M. C. Maguyon-Detras et al.
Kenney KL, Smith WA, Greasham GJ, Westover TL (2013) Understanding biomass feedstock
variability. Biofuels 4(1):111–127
Lam CHK, Ip AWM, Barford JP, McKay G (2010) Use of incineration MSW ash: review.
Sustainability 2:1943–1968. https://doi.org/10.3390/su2071943
Li S, Yu S, Wang F-C, Wang J (2012) Pyrolytic characteristics of rice straw and its constituents
catalyzed by internal alkali and alkali earth metals. Fuel 96:586–594
Liu Z, Han G (2015) Production of solid fuel biochar from waste biomass by low temperature
pyrolysis. Fuel 158:159–165
Liu W-J, Tian K, Jiang H, Zhang X-S, Yang G-X (2013) Preparation of liquid chemical feedstocks
by co-pyrolysis of electronic waste and biomass without formation of polybrominated dibenzop- dioxins. Bioresour Technol 128:1–7
Liu Z-S, Li WK, Huang C-Y (2014) Synthesis of mesoporous silica materials from municipal solid
waste incinerator bottom ash. Waste Manag 34:893–900
Lohri CR, Sweeney D, Rajabu HM (2015) Carbonizing urban biowaste for low-cost char production in developing countries: a review of knowledge, practices and technologies. Joint Report by
Eawag, MIT D-Lab and UDSM. https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/SWM/Carbonization_of_Urban_Bio-waste/Carbonization_of_Biowaste_
in_DCs_FINALx.pdf
Lou L, Wu B, Wang L, Luo L, Xu X, Hou J, Xun B, Hu B, Chen Y (2011) Sorption and ecotoxicity
of pentachlorophenol polluted sediment amended with rice-straw derived biochar. Bioresour
Technol 102(5):4036–4041
Lu R, Sheng G-P, Hu Y-Y, Zheng P, Jiang H, Tang Y, Yu H-Q (2011) Fractional characterization of
a bio-oil derived from rice husk. Biomass Bioenergy 35:671–678
Maguyon MCC, Capareda SC (2013) Evaluating the effects of temperature on pressurized
Ppyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata based on products yields, and characteristics. Energy
Convers Manag J 76:764–773
Maguyon-Detras MC, Capareda SC (2017) Determining the operating condition for maximum
bio-oil production from pyrolysis of Nannochloropsis oculata. Philippine J Crop Sci 42(2):37–
47. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173297237
Mahinpey N, Murugan P, Mani T, Raina R (2009) Analysis of bio-oil, biogas and biochar from
pressurized pyrolysis of wheat straw using a tubular reactor. Energy Fuel 23:2736–2742.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ef8010959
McKendry P (2002) Energy production from biomass (part 2): conversion technologies. Bioresour
Technol 83:47–54
Migo MVP (2019) Optimization and life cycle assessment of the direct combustion of rice straw
using a small scale, stationary grate furnace for heat generation. Unpubl. Masters thesis.
University of the Philippines Los Baños
Nam H, Capareda SC, Ashwath N, Kongkasawan J (2015) Experimental investigation of pyrolysis
of rice straw using bench-scale auger, batch and fluidized bed reactors. Energy 93:2384–2394
Nussbaumer T (2003) Combustion and co-combustion of biomass: fundamental, technologies,
and primary measures for emission reduction. Energy Fuel 17(6):1510–1521. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ef030031q
Obernberger I (2008) Industrial combustion of solid biomass fuels: state of the art and relevant
future developments. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from: https://www.bios-bioenergy.at/
uploads/media/Paper-Obernberger-Industrial-combustion-of-solid-bimass-fuels-2008-10-15.
Ouda O, Raza S, Nizami A, Rehan M, Al-Waked R, Korres N (2016) Waste to energy potential:
a case study of Saudi Arabia. Renew Sust Energ Rev 61:328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2016.04.005
Park Y-K, Jeon J-K, Kim S, Kim JS (2004) Bio-oil from rice straw by pyrolysis using fluidized
bed and char removal system. Preprints Papers Am Chem Soc Div Fuel Chem 49(2):800–801
Park J, Lee Y, Ryu C, Park Y-K (2014) Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: analysis of products properties,
carbon and energy yields. Bioresour Technol 155:63–70
M. C. Maguyon-Detras et al.