61
Bridgwater T (2006) Review: biomass for energy. J Sci Food Agr 86:1755–1768
Bridgwater A (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass
Bioenergy 38:68–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048
Calvo L, Gil M, Otero M, Morán A, García A (2012) Gasification of rice straw in a fluidizedbed gasifier for syngas application in close-coupled boiler-gasifier systems. Bioresour Technol
109:206–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.027
Cao J-P, Zhao X-Y, Morishita K, Wei X-Y, Takarada T (2010) Fractionation and identification of
organic nitrogen species from bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Bioresour
Technol 101:7648–7652
Capareda SC (2014) Introduction to biomass energy conversions. CRC, Boca Raton
Caraos NAP (2018) Parametric analysis of silica extraction process via alkaline fusion and hydrothermal desilication methods from municipal solid waste bottom ash derived from direct combustion. Unpubl. University of the Philippines Los Baños
Chen D, Yin L, Wang H, He P (2015) Pyrolysis technologies for municipal solid waste: a review.
Waste Manag 37:116–136
Chen T, Cao J, Jin B (2017) The effect of rice straw gasification temperature on the release and
occurrence modes of Na and K in a fluidized bed. Appl Sci 7(12):1207
Chou C, Lin S, Lu W (2009) Preparation and characterization of solid biomass fuel made from
rice straw and rice bran. Fuel Process Technol 90(7–8):980–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuproc.2009.04.012
Czernik S (2010) Fundamentals of charcoal production. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL), Newcastle
Darmawan A, Fitrianto AC, Aziz M, Tokimatsu K (2017) Enhanced electricity production from
rice straw. Energy Procedia 142:271–277
Demirbas MF (2001) Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and
chemicals. Energy Convers Manag 42:1357–1378
Demirbas A (2004) Effect of temperature and particle size on biochar yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 721:243–248
Demirbas MF, Balat M, Balat H (2009) Potential contribution of biomass to the sustainable energy
development. Energy Convers Manag 50:1746–1760
Dimpl E (2010) Small-scale electricity generation from biomass. Part I: biomass gasification, 1st
edn. GTZ-HERA. Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Service
Dong J, Chi Y, Tang Y, Ni M, Nzihou A, Weiss-Hortala E, Huang Q (2016) Effect of operating
parameters and moisture content on municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification. Energy
Fuel 30(5):3994–4001
Duku MH, Gu S, Hagan EB (2011) Biochar production potential in Ghana: a review. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 15:3539–3551
Fu P, Hu S, Xiang J, Sun L, Su S, Wang J (2012) Evaluation of the porous structure development
of chars from pyrolysis of rice straw: effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate. J Anal
Appl Pyrolysis 98:177–183
Huang YF, Kuan WH, Chiueh PT, Lo SL (2011) Pyrolysis of biomass by thermal analysis-mass
spectrometry (TA-MS). Bioresour Technol 102:3527–3534
IFC (International Finance Corporation) (2017) Converting biomass to energy: a guide for developers and investors. Retrieved 10 July 2018 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/7a1813bcb6e8-4139-a7fc-cee8c5c61f64/BioMass_report_06+2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
Isahak NRW, Hisham MWM, Yarmo MA, Hin TY (2012) A review on bio-oil production from
biomass by using pyrolysis method. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:5910–5923
Jiang T-Y, Jiang J, Xu R-K, Li Z (2012) Adsorption of Pb(II) on variable charge soils amended
with rice-straw derived biochar. Chemosphere 89(3):249–256
Jonsson E (2016) Slow pyrolysis in Brista. Retrieved March 30, 2017 from www.diva-portal.org
Kargbo F, Xing J, Zhang Y (2010) Property analysis and pretreatment of rice straw for energy
use in grain drying: a review. Agric Biol J N Am 1(3):195–200. https://doi.org/10.5251/
abjna.2010.1.3.195.200
4 Thermochemical Conversion of Rice Straw
Bridgwater T (2006) Review: biomass for energy. J Sci Food Agr 86:1755–1768
Bridgwater A (2012) Review of fast pyrolysis of biomass and product upgrading. Biomass
Bioenergy 38:68–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.01.048
Calvo L, Gil M, Otero M, Morán A, García A (2012) Gasification of rice straw in a fluidizedbed gasifier for syngas application in close-coupled boiler-gasifier systems. Bioresour Technol
109:206–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.027
Cao J-P, Zhao X-Y, Morishita K, Wei X-Y, Takarada T (2010) Fractionation and identification of
organic nitrogen species from bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge. Bioresour
Technol 101:7648–7652
Capareda SC (2014) Introduction to biomass energy conversions. CRC, Boca Raton
Caraos NAP (2018) Parametric analysis of silica extraction process via alkaline fusion and hydrothermal desilication methods from municipal solid waste bottom ash derived from direct combustion. Unpubl. University of the Philippines Los Baños
Chen D, Yin L, Wang H, He P (2015) Pyrolysis technologies for municipal solid waste: a review.
Waste Manag 37:116–136
Chen T, Cao J, Jin B (2017) The effect of rice straw gasification temperature on the release and
occurrence modes of Na and K in a fluidized bed. Appl Sci 7(12):1207
Chou C, Lin S, Lu W (2009) Preparation and characterization of solid biomass fuel made from
rice straw and rice bran. Fuel Process Technol 90(7–8):980–987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
fuproc.2009.04.012
Czernik S (2010) Fundamentals of charcoal production. National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL), Newcastle
Darmawan A, Fitrianto AC, Aziz M, Tokimatsu K (2017) Enhanced electricity production from
rice straw. Energy Procedia 142:271–277
Demirbas MF (2001) Biomass resource facilities and biomass conversion processing for fuels and
chemicals. Energy Convers Manag 42:1357–1378
Demirbas A (2004) Effect of temperature and particle size on biochar yield from pyrolysis of agricultural residues. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 721:243–248
Demirbas MF, Balat M, Balat H (2009) Potential contribution of biomass to the sustainable energy
development. Energy Convers Manag 50:1746–1760
Dimpl E (2010) Small-scale electricity generation from biomass. Part I: biomass gasification, 1st
edn. GTZ-HERA. Poverty-oriented Basic Energy Service
Dong J, Chi Y, Tang Y, Ni M, Nzihou A, Weiss-Hortala E, Huang Q (2016) Effect of operating
parameters and moisture content on municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification. Energy
Fuel 30(5):3994–4001
Duku MH, Gu S, Hagan EB (2011) Biochar production potential in Ghana: a review. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev 15:3539–3551
Fu P, Hu S, Xiang J, Sun L, Su S, Wang J (2012) Evaluation of the porous structure development
of chars from pyrolysis of rice straw: effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate. J Anal
Appl Pyrolysis 98:177–183
Huang YF, Kuan WH, Chiueh PT, Lo SL (2011) Pyrolysis of biomass by thermal analysis-mass
spectrometry (TA-MS). Bioresour Technol 102:3527–3534
IFC (International Finance Corporation) (2017) Converting biomass to energy: a guide for developers and investors. Retrieved 10 July 2018 https://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/7a1813bcb6e8-4139-a7fc-cee8c5c61f64/BioMass_report_06+2017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
Isahak NRW, Hisham MWM, Yarmo MA, Hin TY (2012) A review on bio-oil production from
biomass by using pyrolysis method. Renew Sust Energ Rev 16:5910–5923
Jiang T-Y, Jiang J, Xu R-K, Li Z (2012) Adsorption of Pb(II) on variable charge soils amended
with rice-straw derived biochar. Chemosphere 89(3):249–256
Jonsson E (2016) Slow pyrolysis in Brista. Retrieved March 30, 2017 from www.diva-portal.org
Kargbo F, Xing J, Zhang Y (2010) Property analysis and pretreatment of rice straw for energy
use in grain drying: a review. Agric Biol J N Am 1(3):195–200. https://doi.org/10.5251/
abjna.2010.1.3.195.200
4 Thermochemical Conversion of Rice Straw