168
the literature via the built-in libraries. Therefore, knowledge on the actual composition of the fertilizer is necessary to correctly select the appropriate data from the
libraries. Another responsibility of the practitioner is to review the documentation
that comes with the databases to check compatibility of the data.
Lastly, the interpretation step is done by making well-balanced conclusions and
recommendations based on the LCIA (Guinée 2004). This is also where sensitivity
and uncertainty analyses can be made.
10.3 Some Typical and Advanced Analyses in LCA
10.3.1 Analyzing Energy and GHGE Balances
Energy and GHGE balances can be analyzed in LCA and calculated based on the
following steps and equations:
• Net = ∑ output − ∑ input
• Net balance factor = Net/ ∑ input
• Net energy: NE =
-
=
=
å
å
i
n
i
j
m
j
output energy
input energy
1
1
• Net
N E
energy balance
i nput energy
j
m
j
=
=
å
/
_
1
• GHGE balance: Net GHGE = ∑ GHGE of products and avoided products − ∑ GHGE of productions (inputs and emissions)
In rice science, the input energy for the supply chain accounts for rice cultivation, harvesting, collection and transportation of products (e.g., paddy and rice
straw), storage of products, and processing. For rice cultivation, the input should
cover energy from rice seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, fuel consumption, machine production, and labor.
10.3.2 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses
An analysis model with the correlation of inputs, simulation process, outputs, and
feedbacks is shown in Fig. 10.5. Data distribution, error, and affecting scenarios of
the input models will affect the output models. Sensitivity analysis measures the
change in the outputs affected by the scenarios of actual events or assumed in the
inputs. On the other hand, uncertainty analysis is used to describe the entire set of
possible outcomes, together with their associated probabilities of occurrence. The
Monte Carlo computational algorithm is a common method used in uncertainty
analysis. These methods are incorporated in some LCA software, such as
SIMAPRO (2017).
N. V. Hung et al.
the literature via the built-in libraries. Therefore, knowledge on the actual composition of the fertilizer is necessary to correctly select the appropriate data from the
libraries. Another responsibility of the practitioner is to review the documentation
that comes with the databases to check compatibility of the data.
Lastly, the interpretation step is done by making well-balanced conclusions and
recommendations based on the LCIA (Guinée 2004). This is also where sensitivity
and uncertainty analyses can be made.
10.3 Some Typical and Advanced Analyses in LCA
10.3.1 Analyzing Energy and GHGE Balances
Energy and GHGE balances can be analyzed in LCA and calculated based on the
following steps and equations:
• Net = ∑ output − ∑ input
• Net balance factor = Net/ ∑ input
• Net energy: NE =
-
=
=
å
å
i
n
i
j
m
j
output energy
input energy
1
1
• Net
N E
energy balance
i nput energy
j
m
j
=
=
å
/
_
1
• GHGE balance: Net GHGE = ∑ GHGE of products and avoided products − ∑ GHGE of productions (inputs and emissions)
In rice science, the input energy for the supply chain accounts for rice cultivation, harvesting, collection and transportation of products (e.g., paddy and rice
straw), storage of products, and processing. For rice cultivation, the input should
cover energy from rice seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, fuel consumption, machine production, and labor.
10.3.2 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analyses
An analysis model with the correlation of inputs, simulation process, outputs, and
feedbacks is shown in Fig. 10.5. Data distribution, error, and affecting scenarios of
the input models will affect the output models. Sensitivity analysis measures the
change in the outputs affected by the scenarios of actual events or assumed in the
inputs. On the other hand, uncertainty analysis is used to describe the entire set of
possible outcomes, together with their associated probabilities of occurrence. The
Monte Carlo computational algorithm is a common method used in uncertainty
analysis. These methods are incorporated in some LCA software, such as
SIMAPRO (2017).
N. V. Hung et al.