Engler R, Randin CF, Thuiller W, Dullinger S, Zimmermann NE, Araujo MB, Pearman PB, Le
Lay G, Piedallu C, Albert CH, Choler P, Coldea G, De Lamo X, Dirnbock T, Gegout JC,
Gomez-Garcia D, Grytnes JA, Heegaard E, Hoistad F, Nogues-Bravo D, Normand S,
Puscas M, Sebastia MT, Stanisci A, Theurillat JP, Trivedi MR, Vittoz P, Guisan A (2011) 21st
century climate change threatens mountain flora unequally across Europe. Global Change Biol
17:2330–2341
Fontana F, Rixen C, Jonas T, Aberegg G, Wunderle S (2008) Alpine grassland phenology as seen
in AVHRR, VEGETATION, and MODIS NDVI time series—a comparison with in situ
measurements. Sensors 8:2833–2853
Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A, Akhalkatsi M, Barancok P, Alonso JLB, Coldea G, Dick J,
Erschbamer B, Calzado MRF, Kazakis G, Krajci J, Larsson P, Mallaun M, Michelsen O,
Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Molau U, Merzouki A, Nagy L, Nakhutsrishvili G, Pedersen B,
Pelino G, Puscas M, Rossi G, Stanisci A, Theurillat JP, Tomaselli M, Villar L, Vittoz P,
Vogiatzakis I, Grabherr G (2012) Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate
change. Nat Clim Change 2:111–115
Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (1994) Climate effects on mountain plants. Nature 369:448–448
Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (2000) GLORIA: A global observation research initiative in
alpine environments. Mt Res Dev 20:190–191
Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (2001) Long-term monitoring of mountain peaks in the Alps. In:
Burga CA, Kratochwil A (eds) Biomonitoring: general and applied aspects on regional and
global scales. Chapter C. Aspects of global change in the Alps and in the high arctic region.
Tasks for Vegetation Science 35. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 153–177
Grytnes J-A, Kapfer J, Jurasinski G, Birks HH, Henriksen H, Klanderud K, Odland A, Ohlson M,
Wipf S, Birks HJB (2014) Identifying the driving factors behind observed elevational range
shifts on European mountains. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 23:876–884
Haylock MR, Hofstra N, Tank AMGK, Klok EJ, Jones PD, New M (2008) A European daily
high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950–2006.
J Geophys Res-Atmos 113
Heer O (1835) Nachlass of Prof. Oswald Heer. Zentralbibliothek Zürich 63:55
Hiltbrunner E, Schwikowski M, Körner C (2005) Inorganic nitrogen storage in alpine snow pack
in the central Alps (Switzerland). Atmos Environ 39:2249–2259
Hoelzle M, Chinn T, Stumm D, Paul F, Zemp M, Haeberli W (2007) The application of glacier
inventory data for estimating past climate change effects on mountain glaciers: a comparison
between the European Alps and the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Glob Planet Change
56:69–82
Hofer HR (1992) Veränderungen in der Vegetation von 14 Gipfeln des Berninagebietes zwischen
1905 and 1985. Berichte des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg Technischen Hochschule,
Stiftung Rübel 58:39–54
Holzinger B, Hulber K, Camenisch M, Grabherr G (2008) Changes in plant species richness over
the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration
rates. Plant Ecol 195:179–196
Inauen N, Koerner C, Hiltbrunner E (2012) No growth stimulation by CO 2 enrichment in alpine
glacier forefield plants. Global Change Biol 18:985–999
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007—the physical science basis. Cambridge University Press
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. contribution of working groups I, II and III to
the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva,
Switzerland
Jonas T, Rixen C, Sturm M, Stoeckli V (2008) How alpine plant growth is linked to snow cover
and climate variability. J Geophys Res-Biogeo 113
Jurasinski G, Kreyling J (2007) Upward shift of alpine plants increases floristic similarity of
mountain summits. J Veg Sci 18:711–718
300
C. Rixen and S. Wipf
Lay G, Piedallu C, Albert CH, Choler P, Coldea G, De Lamo X, Dirnbock T, Gegout JC,
Gomez-Garcia D, Grytnes JA, Heegaard E, Hoistad F, Nogues-Bravo D, Normand S,
Puscas M, Sebastia MT, Stanisci A, Theurillat JP, Trivedi MR, Vittoz P, Guisan A (2011) 21st
century climate change threatens mountain flora unequally across Europe. Global Change Biol
17:2330–2341
Fontana F, Rixen C, Jonas T, Aberegg G, Wunderle S (2008) Alpine grassland phenology as seen
in AVHRR, VEGETATION, and MODIS NDVI time series—a comparison with in situ
measurements. Sensors 8:2833–2853
Gottfried M, Pauli H, Futschik A, Akhalkatsi M, Barancok P, Alonso JLB, Coldea G, Dick J,
Erschbamer B, Calzado MRF, Kazakis G, Krajci J, Larsson P, Mallaun M, Michelsen O,
Moiseev D, Moiseev P, Molau U, Merzouki A, Nagy L, Nakhutsrishvili G, Pedersen B,
Pelino G, Puscas M, Rossi G, Stanisci A, Theurillat JP, Tomaselli M, Villar L, Vittoz P,
Vogiatzakis I, Grabherr G (2012) Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate
change. Nat Clim Change 2:111–115
Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (1994) Climate effects on mountain plants. Nature 369:448–448
Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (2000) GLORIA: A global observation research initiative in
alpine environments. Mt Res Dev 20:190–191
Grabherr G, Gottfried M, Pauli H (2001) Long-term monitoring of mountain peaks in the Alps. In:
Burga CA, Kratochwil A (eds) Biomonitoring: general and applied aspects on regional and
global scales. Chapter C. Aspects of global change in the Alps and in the high arctic region.
Tasks for Vegetation Science 35. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 153–177
Grytnes J-A, Kapfer J, Jurasinski G, Birks HH, Henriksen H, Klanderud K, Odland A, Ohlson M,
Wipf S, Birks HJB (2014) Identifying the driving factors behind observed elevational range
shifts on European mountains. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 23:876–884
Haylock MR, Hofstra N, Tank AMGK, Klok EJ, Jones PD, New M (2008) A European daily
high-resolution gridded data set of surface temperature and precipitation for 1950–2006.
J Geophys Res-Atmos 113
Heer O (1835) Nachlass of Prof. Oswald Heer. Zentralbibliothek Zürich 63:55
Hiltbrunner E, Schwikowski M, Körner C (2005) Inorganic nitrogen storage in alpine snow pack
in the central Alps (Switzerland). Atmos Environ 39:2249–2259
Hoelzle M, Chinn T, Stumm D, Paul F, Zemp M, Haeberli W (2007) The application of glacier
inventory data for estimating past climate change effects on mountain glaciers: a comparison
between the European Alps and the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Glob Planet Change
56:69–82
Hofer HR (1992) Veränderungen in der Vegetation von 14 Gipfeln des Berninagebietes zwischen
1905 and 1985. Berichte des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg Technischen Hochschule,
Stiftung Rübel 58:39–54
Holzinger B, Hulber K, Camenisch M, Grabherr G (2008) Changes in plant species richness over
the last century in the eastern Swiss Alps: elevational gradient, bedrock effects and migration
rates. Plant Ecol 195:179–196
Inauen N, Koerner C, Hiltbrunner E (2012) No growth stimulation by CO 2 enrichment in alpine
glacier forefield plants. Global Change Biol 18:985–999
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007—the physical science basis. Cambridge University Press
IPCC (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. contribution of working groups I, II and III to
the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Geneva,
Switzerland
Jonas T, Rixen C, Sturm M, Stoeckli V (2008) How alpine plant growth is linked to snow cover
and climate variability. J Geophys Res-Biogeo 113
Jurasinski G, Kreyling J (2007) Upward shift of alpine plants increases floristic similarity of
mountain summits. J Veg Sci 18:711–718
300
C. Rixen and S. Wipf