Camenisch M (2002) Veränderungen der Gipfelflora im Bereich des Schweizerischen
Nationalparks: Ein Vergleich über die letzten 80 Jahre. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden
Gesellschaft Graubünden 111:27–37
Cavieres LA, Brooker RW, Butterfield BJ, Cook BJ, Kikvidze Z, Lortie CJ, Michalet R,
Pugnaire FI, Schoeb C, Xiao S, Anthelme F, Bjoerk RG, Dickinson KJM, Cranston BH,
Gavilan R, Gutierrez-Giron A, Kanka R, Maalouf J-P, Mark AF, Noroozi J, Parajuli R,
Phoenix GK, Reid AM, Ridenour WM, Rixen C, Wipf S, Zhao L, Escudero A, Zaitchik BF,
Lingua E, Aschehoug ET, Callaway RM (2014) Facilitative plant interactions and climate
simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecol Lett 17:193–202
Choler P, Michalet R, Callaway RM (2001) Facilitation and competition on gradients in alpine
plant communities. Ecology 82:3295–3308
Cortes AJ, Waeber S, Lexer C, Sedlacek J, Wheeler JA, van Kleunen M, Bossdorf O, Hoch G,
Rixen C, Wipf S, Karrenberg S (2014) Small-scale patterns in snowmelt timing affect gene
flow and the distribution of genetic diversity in the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea. Heredity
113:233–239
Dawes MA, Hagedorn F, Handa IT, Streit K, Ekblad A, Rixen C, Koerner C, Haettenschwiler S
(2013) An alpine treeline in a carbon dioxide-rich world: synthesis of a nine-year free-air
carbon dioxide enrichment study. Oecologia 171:623–637
Dawes MA, Zweifel R, Dawes N, Rixen C, Hagedorn F (2014) CO 2 enrichment alters diurnal stem
radius fluctuations of 36-yr-old Larix decidua growing at the alpine tree line. New Phytol
202:1237–1248
Dullinger S, Kleinbauer I, Pauli H, Gottfried M, Brooker R, Nagy L, Theurillat JP, Holten JI,
Abdaladze O, Benito JL, Borel JL, Coldea G, Ghosn D, Kanka R, Merzouki A, Klettner C,
Moiseev P, Molau U, Reiter K, Rossi G, Stanisci A, Tomaselli M, Unterlugauer P, Vittoz P,
Grabherr G (2007) Weak and variable relationships between environmental severity and
small-scale co-occurrence in alpine plant communities. J Ecol 95:1284–1295
Dullinger S, Gattringer A, Thuiller W, Moser D, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A, Willner W,
Plutzar C, Leitner M, Mang T, Caccianiga M, Dirnboeck T, Ertl S, Fischer A, Lenoir J,
Svenning J-C, Psomas A, Schmatz DR, Silc U, Vittoz P, Huelber K (2012) Extinction debt of
high-mountain plants under twenty-first-century climate change. Nat Clim Change 2:619–622
Elmendorf SC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Bjork RG, Bjorkman AJ, Callaghan TV, Cooper E,
Cornelissen JHC, Day TA, Fosaa AM, Gould WA, Grétarsdóttir J, Harte J, Hermanutz L,
Hik DA, Hofgaard A, Jarrad F, Jonsdottir IS, Keuper F, Klanderud K, Klein JA, Koh S,
Kudo G, Lang S, Lowen V, May JL, Mercado J, Michelsen A, Molau U, Pieper S,
Robinson CH, Siegart L, Myers-Smith I, Oberbauer SF, Post E, Rixen C, Schmidt NM,
Shaver GR, Tolvanen A, Totland O, Troxler T, Wahren CH, Webber PJ, Welker JM,
Wookey PA (2012a) Global assessment of simulated climate warming on tundra vegetation:
Heterogeneity over space and time. Ecol Lett 15:164–175
Elmendorf SC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Bjork RG, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Cooper EJ,
Cornelissen JHC, Day TA, Dorrepaal E, Elumeeva TG, Gill M, Gould WA, Harte J, Hik DS,
Hofgaard A, Johnson DR, Johnstone JF, Jonsdottir IS, Jorgenson JC, Klanderud K, Klein JA,
Koh S, Kudo G, Lara M, Levesque E, Magnusson B, May JL, Mercado-Diaz JA, Michelsen A,
Molau U, Myers-Smith IH, Oberbauer SF, Onipchenko VG, Rixen C, Schmidt NM,
Shaver GR, Spasojevic MJ, Porhallsdottir PE, Tolvanen A, Troxler T, Tweedie CE, Villareal S,
Wahren CH, Walker X, Webber PJ, Welker JM, Wipf S (2012b) Plot-scale evidence of tundra
vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. Nat Clim Change 2:453–457
Engler R, Randin CF, Vittoz P, Czaka T, Beniston M, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A (2009)
Predicting future distributions of mountain plants under climate change: does dispersal capacity
matter? Ecography 32:34–45
12 Non-equilibrium in Alpine Plant Assemblages …
299
Nationalparks: Ein Vergleich über die letzten 80 Jahre. Jahresbericht der Naturforschenden
Gesellschaft Graubünden 111:27–37
Cavieres LA, Brooker RW, Butterfield BJ, Cook BJ, Kikvidze Z, Lortie CJ, Michalet R,
Pugnaire FI, Schoeb C, Xiao S, Anthelme F, Bjoerk RG, Dickinson KJM, Cranston BH,
Gavilan R, Gutierrez-Giron A, Kanka R, Maalouf J-P, Mark AF, Noroozi J, Parajuli R,
Phoenix GK, Reid AM, Ridenour WM, Rixen C, Wipf S, Zhao L, Escudero A, Zaitchik BF,
Lingua E, Aschehoug ET, Callaway RM (2014) Facilitative plant interactions and climate
simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecol Lett 17:193–202
Choler P, Michalet R, Callaway RM (2001) Facilitation and competition on gradients in alpine
plant communities. Ecology 82:3295–3308
Cortes AJ, Waeber S, Lexer C, Sedlacek J, Wheeler JA, van Kleunen M, Bossdorf O, Hoch G,
Rixen C, Wipf S, Karrenberg S (2014) Small-scale patterns in snowmelt timing affect gene
flow and the distribution of genetic diversity in the alpine dwarf shrub Salix herbacea. Heredity
113:233–239
Dawes MA, Hagedorn F, Handa IT, Streit K, Ekblad A, Rixen C, Koerner C, Haettenschwiler S
(2013) An alpine treeline in a carbon dioxide-rich world: synthesis of a nine-year free-air
carbon dioxide enrichment study. Oecologia 171:623–637
Dawes MA, Zweifel R, Dawes N, Rixen C, Hagedorn F (2014) CO 2 enrichment alters diurnal stem
radius fluctuations of 36-yr-old Larix decidua growing at the alpine tree line. New Phytol
202:1237–1248
Dullinger S, Kleinbauer I, Pauli H, Gottfried M, Brooker R, Nagy L, Theurillat JP, Holten JI,
Abdaladze O, Benito JL, Borel JL, Coldea G, Ghosn D, Kanka R, Merzouki A, Klettner C,
Moiseev P, Molau U, Reiter K, Rossi G, Stanisci A, Tomaselli M, Unterlugauer P, Vittoz P,
Grabherr G (2007) Weak and variable relationships between environmental severity and
small-scale co-occurrence in alpine plant communities. J Ecol 95:1284–1295
Dullinger S, Gattringer A, Thuiller W, Moser D, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A, Willner W,
Plutzar C, Leitner M, Mang T, Caccianiga M, Dirnboeck T, Ertl S, Fischer A, Lenoir J,
Svenning J-C, Psomas A, Schmatz DR, Silc U, Vittoz P, Huelber K (2012) Extinction debt of
high-mountain plants under twenty-first-century climate change. Nat Clim Change 2:619–622
Elmendorf SC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Bjork RG, Bjorkman AJ, Callaghan TV, Cooper E,
Cornelissen JHC, Day TA, Fosaa AM, Gould WA, Grétarsdóttir J, Harte J, Hermanutz L,
Hik DA, Hofgaard A, Jarrad F, Jonsdottir IS, Keuper F, Klanderud K, Klein JA, Koh S,
Kudo G, Lang S, Lowen V, May JL, Mercado J, Michelsen A, Molau U, Pieper S,
Robinson CH, Siegart L, Myers-Smith I, Oberbauer SF, Post E, Rixen C, Schmidt NM,
Shaver GR, Tolvanen A, Totland O, Troxler T, Wahren CH, Webber PJ, Welker JM,
Wookey PA (2012a) Global assessment of simulated climate warming on tundra vegetation:
Heterogeneity over space and time. Ecol Lett 15:164–175
Elmendorf SC, Henry GHR, Hollister RD, Bjork RG, Boulanger-Lapointe N, Cooper EJ,
Cornelissen JHC, Day TA, Dorrepaal E, Elumeeva TG, Gill M, Gould WA, Harte J, Hik DS,
Hofgaard A, Johnson DR, Johnstone JF, Jonsdottir IS, Jorgenson JC, Klanderud K, Klein JA,
Koh S, Kudo G, Lara M, Levesque E, Magnusson B, May JL, Mercado-Diaz JA, Michelsen A,
Molau U, Myers-Smith IH, Oberbauer SF, Onipchenko VG, Rixen C, Schmidt NM,
Shaver GR, Spasojevic MJ, Porhallsdottir PE, Tolvanen A, Troxler T, Tweedie CE, Villareal S,
Wahren CH, Walker X, Webber PJ, Welker JM, Wipf S (2012b) Plot-scale evidence of tundra
vegetation change and links to recent summer warming. Nat Clim Change 2:453–457
Engler R, Randin CF, Vittoz P, Czaka T, Beniston M, Zimmermann NE, Guisan A (2009)
Predicting future distributions of mountain plants under climate change: does dispersal capacity
matter? Ecography 32:34–45
12 Non-equilibrium in Alpine Plant Assemblages …
299