Lourdais O, Bonnet X, Shine R, DeNardo D, Naulleau G, Guillon M (2002) Capital-breeding and
reproductive effort in a variable environment: a longitudinal study of a viviparous snake.
J Anim Ecol 71:470–479
Mariotti A, Pierre D, Vedy JC, Bruckert S, Guillemot J (1980) The abundance of natural
nitrogen-15 in the organic matter of soils along an altitudinal gradient. CATENA 7:293–300
Martin TE (2002) A new view of avian life-history evolution tested on an incubation paradox.
Proc R Soc B 269:309–316
Mashiko K (1990) Diversified egg and clutch sizes among local populations of the fresh-water
prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan). J Crust Biol 10:306–314
Mathies T, Andrews RM (1995) Thermal and reproductive biology of high and low elevation
populations of the lizard Sceloporus scalaris: implications for the evolution of viviparity.
Oecologia 104:101–111
McCain CM, Grytnes JA (2010) Elevational gradients in species richness. In: Encyclopedia of life
sciences (ELS). Wiley, Chichester
Meléndez L, Laiolo P, Mironov S, García M, Magaña O, Jovani R (2014) Climate-driven variation
in the intensity of a host-symbiont animal interaction along a broad elevation gradient.
PLoS ONE 9:e101942
Meng LH, Wang Y, Luo J, Yang YP, Duan YD (2014) The Trade-Off and Altitudinal Variations
in Seed Weight-Number in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying (Berberidaceae)
Populations from the Hengduan Mountains. Pol J Ecol 62:413–419
Miles JE, Bale JS, Hodkinson ID (1997) Effects of temperature elevation on the population
dynamics of the upland heather psyllid Strophingia ericae (Curtis) (Homoptera: Psylloidea).
Glob Change Biol 3:291–297
Milla R, Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Reich PB (2009) Intra-and interspecific performance
in growth and reproduction increase with altitude: a case study with two Saxifraga species from
northern Spain. Funct Ecol 23:111–118
Molau U, Larsson E-L (2000) Seed rain and seed bank along an alpine altitudinal gradient in
Swedish Lapland. Can J Bot 78:728–747
Morrison SF, Hik DS (2007) Demographic analysis of a declining pika Ochotona collaris
population: linking survival to broad-scale climate patterns via spring snowmelt patterns.
J Anim Ecol 76:899–907
Muir AP, Biek R, Thomas R, Mable BK (2014) Local adaptation with high gene flow: temperature
parameters drive adaptation to altitude in the common frog (Rana temporaria). Mol Ecol
23:561–574
Nagy L, Grabherr G (2009) The biology of Alpine habitats. Oxford University Press, New York
Nicieza AG, Reyes-Gavilán FG, Braña F (1994) Differentiation in juvenile growth and bimodality
patterns between northern and southern populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Can J
Zool 72:1603–1610
Norry FM, Sambucetti P, Scannapieco AC, Loeschcke V (2006) Altitudinal patterns for longevity,
fecundity and senescence in Drosophila buzzatii. Genetica 128:81–93
Obeso JR (2002) The costs of reproduction in plants. New Phytol 155:321–348
Oli MK, Dobson FS (2003) The relative importance of life-history variables to population growth
rate in mammals: Cole’s prediction revisited. Am Nat 161:422–440
Ozgul A et al (2010) Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to
environmental change. Nature 466:482–485
Parra I, Nicola GG, Vøllestad LA, Elvira B, Almodóvar A (2014) Latitude and altitude
differentially shape life history trajectories between the sexes in non-anadromous brown trout.
Evol Ecol 28:707–720
Pauly D (1980) On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean
environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J Mar Sci 39:175–192
Peck JR, Yearsley JM, Waxman D (1998) Explaining the geographic distributions of sexual and
asexual populations. Nature 391:889–892
Philipp M (1997) Genetic diversity, breeding system, and population structure in Silene acaulis
(Caryophyllaceae) in West Greenland. Opera Bot 132:89–100
280
P. Laiolo and J.R. Obeso
reproductive effort in a variable environment: a longitudinal study of a viviparous snake.
J Anim Ecol 71:470–479
Mariotti A, Pierre D, Vedy JC, Bruckert S, Guillemot J (1980) The abundance of natural
nitrogen-15 in the organic matter of soils along an altitudinal gradient. CATENA 7:293–300
Martin TE (2002) A new view of avian life-history evolution tested on an incubation paradox.
Proc R Soc B 269:309–316
Mashiko K (1990) Diversified egg and clutch sizes among local populations of the fresh-water
prawn Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan). J Crust Biol 10:306–314
Mathies T, Andrews RM (1995) Thermal and reproductive biology of high and low elevation
populations of the lizard Sceloporus scalaris: implications for the evolution of viviparity.
Oecologia 104:101–111
McCain CM, Grytnes JA (2010) Elevational gradients in species richness. In: Encyclopedia of life
sciences (ELS). Wiley, Chichester
Meléndez L, Laiolo P, Mironov S, García M, Magaña O, Jovani R (2014) Climate-driven variation
in the intensity of a host-symbiont animal interaction along a broad elevation gradient.
PLoS ONE 9:e101942
Meng LH, Wang Y, Luo J, Yang YP, Duan YD (2014) The Trade-Off and Altitudinal Variations
in Seed Weight-Number in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying (Berberidaceae)
Populations from the Hengduan Mountains. Pol J Ecol 62:413–419
Miles JE, Bale JS, Hodkinson ID (1997) Effects of temperature elevation on the population
dynamics of the upland heather psyllid Strophingia ericae (Curtis) (Homoptera: Psylloidea).
Glob Change Biol 3:291–297
Milla R, Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Reich PB (2009) Intra-and interspecific performance
in growth and reproduction increase with altitude: a case study with two Saxifraga species from
northern Spain. Funct Ecol 23:111–118
Molau U, Larsson E-L (2000) Seed rain and seed bank along an alpine altitudinal gradient in
Swedish Lapland. Can J Bot 78:728–747
Morrison SF, Hik DS (2007) Demographic analysis of a declining pika Ochotona collaris
population: linking survival to broad-scale climate patterns via spring snowmelt patterns.
J Anim Ecol 76:899–907
Muir AP, Biek R, Thomas R, Mable BK (2014) Local adaptation with high gene flow: temperature
parameters drive adaptation to altitude in the common frog (Rana temporaria). Mol Ecol
23:561–574
Nagy L, Grabherr G (2009) The biology of Alpine habitats. Oxford University Press, New York
Nicieza AG, Reyes-Gavilán FG, Braña F (1994) Differentiation in juvenile growth and bimodality
patterns between northern and southern populations of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Can J
Zool 72:1603–1610
Norry FM, Sambucetti P, Scannapieco AC, Loeschcke V (2006) Altitudinal patterns for longevity,
fecundity and senescence in Drosophila buzzatii. Genetica 128:81–93
Obeso JR (2002) The costs of reproduction in plants. New Phytol 155:321–348
Oli MK, Dobson FS (2003) The relative importance of life-history variables to population growth
rate in mammals: Cole’s prediction revisited. Am Nat 161:422–440
Ozgul A et al (2010) Coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth in response to
environmental change. Nature 466:482–485
Parra I, Nicola GG, Vøllestad LA, Elvira B, Almodóvar A (2014) Latitude and altitude
differentially shape life history trajectories between the sexes in non-anadromous brown trout.
Evol Ecol 28:707–720
Pauly D (1980) On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters, and mean
environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. ICES J Mar Sci 39:175–192
Peck JR, Yearsley JM, Waxman D (1998) Explaining the geographic distributions of sexual and
asexual populations. Nature 391:889–892
Philipp M (1997) Genetic diversity, breeding system, and population structure in Silene acaulis
(Caryophyllaceae) in West Greenland. Opera Bot 132:89–100
280
P. Laiolo and J.R. Obeso