Fischer K, Brakefield PM, Zwaan BJ (2003) Plasticity in butterfly egg size: why larger offspring at
lower temperatures? Ecology 84:3138–3147
Fisher DO, Owens IP, Johnson CN (2001) The ecological basis of life history variation in
marsupials. Ecology 82:3531–3540
Fleming TH, Rauscher RJ (1978) On the evolution of litter size in Peromyscus leucopus.
Evolution 32:45–55
Forbis TA (2003) Seedling demography in an alpine ecosystem. Am J Bot 90:1197–1206
Forbis TA, Doak DF (2004) Seedling establishment and life history trade-offs in alpine plants.
Am J Bot 91:1147–1153
Franco M, Silvertown J (1996) Life history variation in plants: an exploration of the fast-slow
continuum hypothesis. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 351:1341–1348
Galbreath KE, Hafner DJ, Zamudio KR (2009) When cold is better: climate-driven elevation shifts
yield complex patterns of diversification and demography in an alpine specialist (American
pika, Ochotona princeps). Evolution 63:2848–2863
Gao-Lin W, Fu-Ping T, Wei L, Zhen-heng L (2011) Seed mass increase along altitude within four
Saussurea species in Tibetan Plateau. Pol J Ecol 59:381–389
García D, Zamora R (2003) Persistence, multiple demographic strategies and conservation in
long-lived Mediterranean plants. J Veg Sci 14:921–926
Ghalambor CK, Martin TE (2001) Fecundity-survival trade-offs and parental risk-taking in birds.
Science 292:494–497
Gillooly JF, Brown JH, West GB, Savage VM, Charnov EL (2001) Effects of size and temperature
on metabolic rate. Science 293:2248–2251
Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Iriondo JM (2007) Local adaptation enhances seedling
recruitment along an altitudinal gradient in a high mountain Mediterranean plant. Ann Bot
99:723–734
Gotthard K (2001) Growth strategies of ectothermic animals in temperate environments.
Environment and animal development. BIOS Scientific, Oxford, pp 287–304
Grime JP (1974) Vegetation classification by reference to strategies. Nature 250:26–31
Hampe A, Petit RJ (2005) Conserving biodiversity under climate change: the rear edge matters.
Ecol Lett 8:461–467
Hancock MA, Hughes JM, Bunn SE (1998) Influence of genetic and environmental factors on egg
and clutch sizes among populations of Paratya australiensis Kemp (Decapoda: Atyidae) in
upland rainforest streams, south-east Queensland. Oecologia 115:483–491
Hansen TF, Boonstra R (2000) The best in all possible worlds? A quantitative genetic study of
geographic variation in the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Oikos 89:81–94
Harvey PH, Clutton-Brock TH (1985) Life history variation in primates. Evolution 39:559–581
Haugen TO, Vøllestad LA (2000) Population differences in early life-history traits in grayling.
J Evol Biol 13:897–905
Hautier Y, Randin CF, Stocklin J, Guisan A (2009) Changes in reproductive investment with
altitude in an alpine plant. J Plant Ecol 2:125–134
Hayashi KI, Hamano T (1984) The complete larval development of Caridina japónica De Man
(Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) reared in the laboratory. Zool Sci 1:571–589
Hille SM, Cooper CB (2015) Elevational trends in life histories: revising the pace-of-life
framework. Biol Rev 90:204–213
Hodkinson ID (2005) Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community
response to altitude. Biol Rev 80:489–513
Honek A (1993) Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects: a general
relationship. Oikos 66:483–492
Huber E et al (2007) Shift in soil–plant nitrogen dynamics of an alpine–nival ecotone. Plant Soil
301:65–76
Jensen LF, Hansen MM, Pertoldi C, Holdensgaard G, Mensberg KL, Loeschcke V (2008) Local
adaptation in brown trout early life-history traits: implications for climate change adaptability.
Proc R Soc B 275:2859–2868
278
P. Laiolo and J.R. Obeso
lower temperatures? Ecology 84:3138–3147
Fisher DO, Owens IP, Johnson CN (2001) The ecological basis of life history variation in
marsupials. Ecology 82:3531–3540
Fleming TH, Rauscher RJ (1978) On the evolution of litter size in Peromyscus leucopus.
Evolution 32:45–55
Forbis TA (2003) Seedling demography in an alpine ecosystem. Am J Bot 90:1197–1206
Forbis TA, Doak DF (2004) Seedling establishment and life history trade-offs in alpine plants.
Am J Bot 91:1147–1153
Franco M, Silvertown J (1996) Life history variation in plants: an exploration of the fast-slow
continuum hypothesis. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 351:1341–1348
Galbreath KE, Hafner DJ, Zamudio KR (2009) When cold is better: climate-driven elevation shifts
yield complex patterns of diversification and demography in an alpine specialist (American
pika, Ochotona princeps). Evolution 63:2848–2863
Gao-Lin W, Fu-Ping T, Wei L, Zhen-heng L (2011) Seed mass increase along altitude within four
Saussurea species in Tibetan Plateau. Pol J Ecol 59:381–389
García D, Zamora R (2003) Persistence, multiple demographic strategies and conservation in
long-lived Mediterranean plants. J Veg Sci 14:921–926
Ghalambor CK, Martin TE (2001) Fecundity-survival trade-offs and parental risk-taking in birds.
Science 292:494–497
Gillooly JF, Brown JH, West GB, Savage VM, Charnov EL (2001) Effects of size and temperature
on metabolic rate. Science 293:2248–2251
Giménez-Benavides L, Escudero A, Iriondo JM (2007) Local adaptation enhances seedling
recruitment along an altitudinal gradient in a high mountain Mediterranean plant. Ann Bot
99:723–734
Gotthard K (2001) Growth strategies of ectothermic animals in temperate environments.
Environment and animal development. BIOS Scientific, Oxford, pp 287–304
Grime JP (1974) Vegetation classification by reference to strategies. Nature 250:26–31
Hampe A, Petit RJ (2005) Conserving biodiversity under climate change: the rear edge matters.
Ecol Lett 8:461–467
Hancock MA, Hughes JM, Bunn SE (1998) Influence of genetic and environmental factors on egg
and clutch sizes among populations of Paratya australiensis Kemp (Decapoda: Atyidae) in
upland rainforest streams, south-east Queensland. Oecologia 115:483–491
Hansen TF, Boonstra R (2000) The best in all possible worlds? A quantitative genetic study of
geographic variation in the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Oikos 89:81–94
Harvey PH, Clutton-Brock TH (1985) Life history variation in primates. Evolution 39:559–581
Haugen TO, Vøllestad LA (2000) Population differences in early life-history traits in grayling.
J Evol Biol 13:897–905
Hautier Y, Randin CF, Stocklin J, Guisan A (2009) Changes in reproductive investment with
altitude in an alpine plant. J Plant Ecol 2:125–134
Hayashi KI, Hamano T (1984) The complete larval development of Caridina japónica De Man
(Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) reared in the laboratory. Zool Sci 1:571–589
Hille SM, Cooper CB (2015) Elevational trends in life histories: revising the pace-of-life
framework. Biol Rev 90:204–213
Hodkinson ID (2005) Terrestrial insects along elevation gradients: species and community
response to altitude. Biol Rev 80:489–513
Honek A (1993) Intraspecific variation in body size and fecundity in insects: a general
relationship. Oikos 66:483–492
Huber E et al (2007) Shift in soil–plant nitrogen dynamics of an alpine–nival ecotone. Plant Soil
301:65–76
Jensen LF, Hansen MM, Pertoldi C, Holdensgaard G, Mensberg KL, Loeschcke V (2008) Local
adaptation in brown trout early life-history traits: implications for climate change adaptability.
Proc R Soc B 275:2859–2868
278
P. Laiolo and J.R. Obeso