References Country, city Aim
HEALTH
Study design
Green space metrics
and buffer
Confounder
Main results
Jenkin et al.
(2015)
New
Zealand,
country scale
Identification of
neighbourhood
characteristics
associated with
children’s unhealthy
behaviour.
Obesity (BMI),
and weightrelated
behaviours
(physical
activity, diet,
etc.)
Logistic
regression models
with individuallevel data for
children from
2006/7 New
Zealand Health
Survey
Green space
(measured in
distance and
proportion in
neighbourhood), no
buffer used
Neighbourhood
deprivation,
income, education,
employment status,
tenure status, age,
sex, ethnicity,
household
composition
Greater access to green space
was significantly associated
with lower sugar- sweetened
beverage consumption next to
neighbourhood deprivation,
which was also significantly
positively associated with other
negative health behaviours
McMorris
et al. (2015)
Canada,
country scale
Analysis of
associations
between residential
greenness and
physical activity.
Physical activity 2001 Canadian
Community
Health Survey
data, logistic
regression
NDVI around home,
buffer distances:
30 m, 500 m
Income, sex, age,
marital status
Association was most
significant for those in the
higher income groups but
positive associations were
observed between greenness
and physical activity in all
income groupings
Higher income households
lived in areas with higher
greenness
Michael
et al. (2014)
U.S.,
Portland
Examination of the
effect of a
neighborhoodchanging
intervention on
changes in obesity
in older women
Obesity (BMI)
Retrospective
cohort design,
change in BMI
and neighborhood
built environment
over 18-year
period (1986–
2004) among
older women;
structured
interviews and
clinical
examinations
Green space
proximity using
Euclidian distance
from participant’s
residence to closest
edge of the nearest
public park or green
space. no buffer used
Occupational
manual
labor = employment
status?, socioeconomic status
(SES), age,
education
No significant association
between changes in
neighborhood walkability or
parks and green spaces and
variation in BMI over time was
identified in fully adjusted
models. SES, education, age
among others appeared to be
significant in adjusted models
(continued)
HEALTH
Study design
Green space metrics
and buffer
Confounder
Main results
Jenkin et al.
(2015)
New
Zealand,
country scale
Identification of
neighbourhood
characteristics
associated with
children’s unhealthy
behaviour.
Obesity (BMI),
and weightrelated
behaviours
(physical
activity, diet,
etc.)
Logistic
regression models
with individuallevel data for
children from
2006/7 New
Zealand Health
Survey
Green space
(measured in
distance and
proportion in
neighbourhood), no
buffer used
Neighbourhood
deprivation,
income, education,
employment status,
tenure status, age,
sex, ethnicity,
household
composition
Greater access to green space
was significantly associated
with lower sugar- sweetened
beverage consumption next to
neighbourhood deprivation,
which was also significantly
positively associated with other
negative health behaviours
McMorris
et al. (2015)
Canada,
country scale
Analysis of
associations
between residential
greenness and
physical activity.
Physical activity 2001 Canadian
Community
Health Survey
data, logistic
regression
NDVI around home,
buffer distances:
30 m, 500 m
Income, sex, age,
marital status
Association was most
significant for those in the
higher income groups but
positive associations were
observed between greenness
and physical activity in all
income groupings
Higher income households
lived in areas with higher
greenness
Michael
et al. (2014)
U.S.,
Portland
Examination of the
effect of a
neighborhoodchanging
intervention on
changes in obesity
in older women
Obesity (BMI)
Retrospective
cohort design,
change in BMI
and neighborhood
built environment
over 18-year
period (1986–
2004) among
older women;
structured
interviews and
clinical
examinations
Green space
proximity using
Euclidian distance
from participant’s
residence to closest
edge of the nearest
public park or green
space. no buffer used
Occupational
manual
labor = employment
status?, socioeconomic status
(SES), age,
education
No significant association
between changes in
neighborhood walkability or
parks and green spaces and
variation in BMI over time was
identified in fully adjusted
models. SES, education, age
among others appeared to be
significant in adjusted models
(continued)