Tailoring the Surface Functionalities of Titania …
545
10 Conclusions
Titania nanotube structures have received utmost attention in the medical domain due
to its unique properties. An ordered nanotube with controllable morphology can be
fabricated on titanium and its alloys by electrochemical anodization process. In this
chapter, an overview of the formation of TiO 2 nanotubular structures on Cp-Ti, Ti6Al-4 V, Ti-6Al-7Nb, Ti-13Nb-13Zr and β21S were discussed. The surface functionalization of nanotubes with the incorporation of various organic/inorganic bioactive
agents such as polypyrrole, Zirconium, Strontium and Zinc were successfully implemented. The versatility of surface modification of Ti-6Al-7Nb via plasma nitriding
for building new properties on titania nanotubes was demonstrated. The filling of
nanotubes with ta-C using cathodic arc evaporation method is a promising surface
modification to enhance the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The drug and
polymer loaded TNT can be used for the treatment of post-operative infection, inflammation and quick healing with better osseointegration. The various surface functionalities on nanotube surface discussed in this chapter have great potential to improve
the properties of titanium and thus making it an attractive biomaterial and pave the
way for the development of new biomedical devices with multiple functions.
References
1. Boretos JW, Eden M, Fung YC (1985) Contemporary biomaterials: material and host response,
clinical applications, new technology and legal aspects. J Biomech Eng 107:87. https://doi.
org/10.1115/1.3138526
2. Dennis C, Sethu S, Nayak S, Mohan L, Morsi Y, Manivasagam G (2016) Suture materials—
current and emerging trends. J Biomed Mater Res—Part A 104:1544–1559. https://doi.org/
10.1002/jbm.a.35683
3. Holzapfel BM, Reichert JC, Schantz JT, Gbureck U, Rackwitz L, Nöth U, Jakob F, Rudert
M, Groll J, Hutmacher DW (2013) How smart do biomaterials need to be? A translational
science and clinical point of view. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65:581–603
4. Manivasagam G, Dhinasekaran D, Rajamanickam A (2010) Biomedical Implants: Corrosion
and its Prevention—A Review ~!2009-12-22~2010-01-20~!2010-05-25~! Recent Patents
Corros Sci 2:40–54. https://doi.org/10.2174/1877610801002010040
5. S. T, K. T, Patel P, G. F, K. T (2012) Diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and diamondlike nanocomposite (DLN) thin films for MEMS applications. In: Microelectromechanical
systems and devices. InTech
6. Santra TS, Liu CH, Bhattacharyya TK, Patel P, Barik TK (2010) Characterization of diamondlike nanocomposite thin films grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. J Appl
Phys 107:124320. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3415548
7. Santra TS, Bhattacharyya TK, Tseng FG, Barik TK (2012) Influence of flow rate on different
properties of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films grown by PECVD. AIP Adv 2:022132.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4721654
8. Santra TS, Bhattacharyya TK, Mishra P, Tseng FG, Barik TK (2012) Biomedical applications
of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films. Sci Adv Mater 4:110–113. https://doi.org/10.1166/
sam.2012.1258
545
10 Conclusions
Titania nanotube structures have received utmost attention in the medical domain due
to its unique properties. An ordered nanotube with controllable morphology can be
fabricated on titanium and its alloys by electrochemical anodization process. In this
chapter, an overview of the formation of TiO 2 nanotubular structures on Cp-Ti, Ti6Al-4 V, Ti-6Al-7Nb, Ti-13Nb-13Zr and β21S were discussed. The surface functionalization of nanotubes with the incorporation of various organic/inorganic bioactive
agents such as polypyrrole, Zirconium, Strontium and Zinc were successfully implemented. The versatility of surface modification of Ti-6Al-7Nb via plasma nitriding
for building new properties on titania nanotubes was demonstrated. The filling of
nanotubes with ta-C using cathodic arc evaporation method is a promising surface
modification to enhance the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. The drug and
polymer loaded TNT can be used for the treatment of post-operative infection, inflammation and quick healing with better osseointegration. The various surface functionalities on nanotube surface discussed in this chapter have great potential to improve
the properties of titanium and thus making it an attractive biomaterial and pave the
way for the development of new biomedical devices with multiple functions.
References
1. Boretos JW, Eden M, Fung YC (1985) Contemporary biomaterials: material and host response,
clinical applications, new technology and legal aspects. J Biomech Eng 107:87. https://doi.
org/10.1115/1.3138526
2. Dennis C, Sethu S, Nayak S, Mohan L, Morsi Y, Manivasagam G (2016) Suture materials—
current and emerging trends. J Biomed Mater Res—Part A 104:1544–1559. https://doi.org/
10.1002/jbm.a.35683
3. Holzapfel BM, Reichert JC, Schantz JT, Gbureck U, Rackwitz L, Nöth U, Jakob F, Rudert
M, Groll J, Hutmacher DW (2013) How smart do biomaterials need to be? A translational
science and clinical point of view. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 65:581–603
4. Manivasagam G, Dhinasekaran D, Rajamanickam A (2010) Biomedical Implants: Corrosion
and its Prevention—A Review ~!2009-12-22~2010-01-20~!2010-05-25~! Recent Patents
Corros Sci 2:40–54. https://doi.org/10.2174/1877610801002010040
5. S. T, K. T, Patel P, G. F, K. T (2012) Diamond, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and diamondlike nanocomposite (DLN) thin films for MEMS applications. In: Microelectromechanical
systems and devices. InTech
6. Santra TS, Liu CH, Bhattacharyya TK, Patel P, Barik TK (2010) Characterization of diamondlike nanocomposite thin films grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. J Appl
Phys 107:124320. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3415548
7. Santra TS, Bhattacharyya TK, Tseng FG, Barik TK (2012) Influence of flow rate on different
properties of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films grown by PECVD. AIP Adv 2:022132.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4721654
8. Santra TS, Bhattacharyya TK, Mishra P, Tseng FG, Barik TK (2012) Biomedical applications
of diamond-like nanocomposite thin films. Sci Adv Mater 4:110–113. https://doi.org/10.1166/
sam.2012.1258