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Jeong Kim T, Eun Bae J, Seok Chae K, Jin Suh K (2010) Ho Lee G (2010) water-soluble
ultra-small manganese oxide surface doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3@MnO) nanoparticles
for MRI contrast agent. Eur J Inorg Chem 28:4555–4560. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201
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193. Liu J, Tian X, Luo N, Yang C, Xiao J, Shao Y, Chen X, Yang G, Chen D, Li L (2014)
Sub-10 nm monoclinic Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles as dual-modal nanoprobes for magnetic
resonance and fluorescence imaging. Langmuir: ACS Journal Surf Coll 30(43):13005–13013.
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194. Kami´ nska I, Fronc K, Sikora B, Mouawad M, Siemiarczuk A, Szewczyk M, Sobczak K,
Wojciechowski T, Zaleszczyk W, Minikayev R, Paszkowicz W, St˛ epie´ n P, Dziawa P, Ciszak
K, Pi˛ atkowski D, Ma´ ckowski S, Kaliszewski M, Włodarski M, Mły´ nczak J, Kopczy´ nski K,
Łapi´ nski M, Elbaum D (2015) Upconverting/magnetic: Gd2O3:(Er3+, Yb3+, Zn2+) nanoparticles for biological applications: effect of Zn2+ doping. RSC Advances 5(95):78361–78373.
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195. Li H, Song S, Wang W, Chen K (2015) In vitro photodynamic therapy based on magneticluminescent Gd2O3:Yb, Er nanoparticles with bright three-photon up-conversion fluorescence under near-infrared light. Dalton Trans 44(36):16081–16090. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5dt01015b
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Clin Pract Nephrol 3(12):654–668. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0660
197. Herranz F, Morales MP, Rodríguez I, Ruiz-Cabello J (2017) Iron oxide nanoparticle-based
mri contrast agents: characterization and in vivo use, pp 85–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/9783-662-52780-1_3
198. Shen Z, Wu A, Chen X (2017) Iron oxide nanoparticle based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Pharm 14(5):1352–1364. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.
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199. Ling D, Hyeon T (2013) Chemical design of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles for
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.002
201. Stephen ZR, Kievit FM, Zhang M (2011) Magnetite nanoparticles for medical MR imaging.
Mater Today 14(7–8):330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(11)70163-8
202. Gossuin Y, Gillis P, Hocq A, Vuong QL, Roch A (2009) Magnetic resonance relaxation
properties of superparamagnetic particles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol
1(3):299–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.36
203. Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN (2008) Magnetic
iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev 108(6):2064–2110. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cr068445e
204. Wang YX, Hussain SM, Krestin GP (2001) Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents:
physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 11(11):2319–
2331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300100908
205. Lee H, Lee E, Kim DK, Jang NK, Jeong YY, Jon S (2006) Antibiofouling polymer-coated
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as potential magnetic resonance contrast agents
for in vivo cancer imaging. J Am Chem Soc 128(22):7383–7389. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0
61529k
395
190. Sook Choi E, Young Park J, Ju Baek M, Xu W, Kattel K, Hyun Kim J, Jun Lee J, Chang Y,
Jeong Kim T, Eun Bae J, Seok Chae K, Jin Suh K (2010) Ho Lee G (2010) water-soluble
ultra-small manganese oxide surface doped gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3@MnO) nanoparticles
for MRI contrast agent. Eur J Inorg Chem 28:4555–4560. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201
000374
191. Tian X, Yang F, Yang C, Peng Y, Chen D, Zhu J, He F, Li L, Chen X (2014) Toxicity evaluation
of Gd2O3@SiO2 nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation in liquid as MRI contrast agents
in vivo. Int J Nanomed 9:4043–4053. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S66164
192. Yoon YS, Lee BI, Lee KS, Heo H, Lee JH, Byeon SH, Lee IS (2010) Fabrication of a silica
sphere with fluorescent and MR contrasting GdPO4 nanoparticles from layered gadolinium
hydroxide. Chem Commun 46(21):3654–3656. https://doi.org/10.1039/b927570c
193. Liu J, Tian X, Luo N, Yang C, Xiao J, Shao Y, Chen X, Yang G, Chen D, Li L (2014)
Sub-10 nm monoclinic Gd2O3:Eu3+ nanoparticles as dual-modal nanoprobes for magnetic
resonance and fluorescence imaging. Langmuir: ACS Journal Surf Coll 30(43):13005–13013.
https://doi.org/10.1021/la503228v
194. Kami´ nska I, Fronc K, Sikora B, Mouawad M, Siemiarczuk A, Szewczyk M, Sobczak K,
Wojciechowski T, Zaleszczyk W, Minikayev R, Paszkowicz W, St˛ epie´ n P, Dziawa P, Ciszak
K, Pi˛ atkowski D, Ma´ ckowski S, Kaliszewski M, Włodarski M, Mły´ nczak J, Kopczy´ nski K,
Łapi´ nski M, Elbaum D (2015) Upconverting/magnetic: Gd2O3:(Er3+, Yb3+, Zn2+) nanoparticles for biological applications: effect of Zn2+ doping. RSC Advances 5(95):78361–78373.
https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11888c
195. Li H, Song S, Wang W, Chen K (2015) In vitro photodynamic therapy based on magneticluminescent Gd2O3:Yb, Er nanoparticles with bright three-photon up-conversion fluorescence under near-infrared light. Dalton Trans 44(36):16081–16090. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c5dt01015b
196. Penfield JG, Reilly RF Jr (2007) What nephrologists need to know about gadolinium. Nat
Clin Pract Nephrol 3(12):654–668. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncpneph0660
197. Herranz F, Morales MP, Rodríguez I, Ruiz-Cabello J (2017) Iron oxide nanoparticle-based
mri contrast agents: characterization and in vivo use, pp 85–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/9783-662-52780-1_3
198. Shen Z, Wu A, Chen X (2017) Iron oxide nanoparticle based contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Pharm 14(5):1352–1364. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.
6b00839
199. Ling D, Hyeon T (2013) Chemical design of biocompatible iron oxide nanoparticles for
medical applications. Small 9(9–10):1450–1466. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201202111
200. Jin R, Lin B, Li D, Ai H (2014) Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MR imaging
and therapy: design considerations and clinical applications. Curr Opin Pharmacol 18:18–27.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coph.2014.08.002
201. Stephen ZR, Kievit FM, Zhang M (2011) Magnetite nanoparticles for medical MR imaging.
Mater Today 14(7–8):330–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(11)70163-8
202. Gossuin Y, Gillis P, Hocq A, Vuong QL, Roch A (2009) Magnetic resonance relaxation
properties of superparamagnetic particles. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol
1(3):299–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.36
203. Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN (2008) Magnetic
iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chem Rev 108(6):2064–2110. https://doi.org/10.1021/
cr068445e
204. Wang YX, Hussain SM, Krestin GP (2001) Superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents:
physicochemical characteristics and applications in MR imaging. Eur Radiol 11(11):2319–
2331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s003300100908
205. Lee H, Lee E, Kim DK, Jang NK, Jeong YY, Jon S (2006) Antibiofouling polymer-coated
superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as potential magnetic resonance contrast agents
for in vivo cancer imaging. J Am Chem Soc 128(22):7383–7389. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0
61529k