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78. Gupta P, Balasubramaniam N, Chang HY, Tseng FG, Santra TS (2020) A single-neuron:
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80. Rosenblum D, Joshi N, Tao W, Karp JM, Peer D (2018) Progress and challenges towards
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81. Zhou B, Yang J, Peng C, Zhu J, Tang Y, Zhu X, Shen M, Zhang G, Shi X (2016) PEGylated
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2016.01.019
82. Eck W, Nicholson AI, Zentgraf H, Semmler W, Bartling S (2010) Anti-CD4-targeted gold
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computed tomography of live mice. Nano Lett 10(7):2318–2322. https://doi.org/10.1021/
nl101019s
83. Li X, Wang C, Tan H, Cheng L, Liu G, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Xiu Y,
Cheng D, Shi H (2016) Gold nanoparticles-based SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting for
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84. Khademi S, Sarkar S, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Attaran N, Kharrazi S, Ay MR, Ghadiri H (2018) Folic
acid-cysteamine modified gold nanoparticle as a nanoprobe for targeted computed tomography
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1016/j.msec.2018.03.015
85. Zhu XY, Zou X, Mukherjee R, Yu Z, Ferguson CM, Zhou W, McCollough CH, Lerman LO
(2018) Targeted imaging of renal fibrosis using antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles in
renal artery stenosis. Invest Radiol 53(10):623–628. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.000000000
0000476
86. Shang L, Dong S, Nienhaus GU (2011) Ultra-small fluorescent metal nanoclusters: synthesis
and biological applications. Nano Today 6(4):401–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.
2011.06.004
87. Zhang XD, Wu D, Shen X, Liu PX, Fan FY, Fan SJ (2012) In vivo renal clearance, biodistribution, toxicity of gold nanoclusters. Biomaterials 33(18):4628–4638. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.020
88. Zhou C, Long M, Qin Y, Sun X, Zheng J (2011) Luminescent gold nanoparticles with efficient
renal clearance. Angew Chem 50(14):3168–3172. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007321
89. Liu Y, Tian GF, He XW, Li WY, Zhang YK (2016) Microwave-assisted one-step rapid synthesis
of near-infrared gold nanoclusters for NIRF/CT dual-modal bioimaging. J Mater Chem B
4(7):1276–1283. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tb02322j
90. Jia TT, Yang G, Mo SJ, Wang ZY, Li BJ, Ma W, Guo YX, Chen X, Zhao X, Liu JQ, Zang SQ
(2019) Atomically precise gold-levonorgestrel nanocluster as a radiosensitizer for enhanced
cancer therapy. ACS Nano 13(7):8320–8328. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b03767
N. Ashwin Kumar et al.
74. Chu Z, Chen L, Wang X, Yang Q, Zhao Q, Huang C, Huang Y, Yang D-P, Jia N (2019)
Ultrasmall Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles: protein-directed synthesis, biocompatibility, and Xray computed tomography imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 5(2):1005–1015. https://doi.org/
10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01176
75. Gui C, Cui DX (2012) Functionalized gold nanorods for tumor imaging and targeted therapy.
Cancer Biol Med 9(4):221–233. https://doi.org/10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2012.04.002
76. Reuveni T, Motiei M, Romman Z, Popovtzer A, Popovtzer R (2011) Targeted gold nanoparticles enable molecular CT imaging of cancer: an in vivo study. Int J Nanomed 6:2859–2864.
https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S25446
77. Jazayeri MH, Amani H, Pourfatollah AA, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Sedighimoghaddam B (2016)
Various methods of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) conjugation to antibodies. Sens Bio-Sens Res
9:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.04.002
78. Gupta P, Balasubramaniam N, Chang HY, Tseng FG, Santra TS (2020) A single-neuron:
current trends and future prospects. Cells 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061528
79. Kruger CA, Abrahamse H (2018) Utilisation of targeted nanoparticle photosensitiser drug
delivery systems for the enhancement of photodynamic therapy. Molecules 23(10). https://
doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102628
80. Rosenblum D, Joshi N, Tao W, Karp JM, Peer D (2018) Progress and challenges towards
targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. Nat Commun 9(1):1410. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41
467-018-03705-y
81. Zhou B, Yang J, Peng C, Zhu J, Tang Y, Zhu X, Shen M, Zhang G, Shi X (2016) PEGylated
polyethylenimine-entrapped gold nanoparticles modified with folic acid for targeted tumor
CT imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 140:489–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.
2016.01.019
82. Eck W, Nicholson AI, Zentgraf H, Semmler W, Bartling S (2010) Anti-CD4-targeted gold
nanoparticles induce specific contrast enhancement of peripheral lymph nodes in X-ray
computed tomography of live mice. Nano Lett 10(7):2318–2322. https://doi.org/10.1021/
nl101019s
83. Li X, Wang C, Tan H, Cheng L, Liu G, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Xiu Y,
Cheng D, Shi H (2016) Gold nanoparticles-based SPECT/CT imaging probe targeting for
vulnerable atherosclerosis plaques. Biomaterials 108:71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomat
erials.2016.08.048
84. Khademi S, Sarkar S, Shakeri-Zadeh A, Attaran N, Kharrazi S, Ay MR, Ghadiri H (2018) Folic
acid-cysteamine modified gold nanoparticle as a nanoprobe for targeted computed tomography
imaging of cancer cells. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 89:182–193. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.msec.2018.03.015
85. Zhu XY, Zou X, Mukherjee R, Yu Z, Ferguson CM, Zhou W, McCollough CH, Lerman LO
(2018) Targeted imaging of renal fibrosis using antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles in
renal artery stenosis. Invest Radiol 53(10):623–628. https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.000000000
0000476
86. Shang L, Dong S, Nienhaus GU (2011) Ultra-small fluorescent metal nanoclusters: synthesis
and biological applications. Nano Today 6(4):401–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.
2011.06.004
87. Zhang XD, Wu D, Shen X, Liu PX, Fan FY, Fan SJ (2012) In vivo renal clearance, biodistribution, toxicity of gold nanoclusters. Biomaterials 33(18):4628–4638. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.020
88. Zhou C, Long M, Qin Y, Sun X, Zheng J (2011) Luminescent gold nanoparticles with efficient
renal clearance. Angew Chem 50(14):3168–3172. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201007321
89. Liu Y, Tian GF, He XW, Li WY, Zhang YK (2016) Microwave-assisted one-step rapid synthesis
of near-infrared gold nanoclusters for NIRF/CT dual-modal bioimaging. J Mater Chem B
4(7):1276–1283. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tb02322j
90. Jia TT, Yang G, Mo SJ, Wang ZY, Li BJ, Ma W, Guo YX, Chen X, Zhao X, Liu JQ, Zang SQ
(2019) Atomically precise gold-levonorgestrel nanocluster as a radiosensitizer for enhanced
cancer therapy. ACS Nano 13(7):8320–8328. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b03767