The emission database was generated by EKOMETRIA Agency. For traffic,
hourly emissions for a road network were calculated as a function of traffic volume,
road characteristics and fleet composition, based on the data from the Warsaw’s
Boards of Urban Roads and of Public Transport (250 m  250 m resolution).
Residential emissions were calculated based on the local information on residential
units not connected to the city central heating system, their furnace type and fuel
used (coal, coke, gas, oil, wood) (250 m  250 m resolution, as well). For the
industrial emissions a detailed emission inventory (compiled by the Regional
Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Warsaw) with stack level data was
used. The complexity of the PRESSURES block is thus also high (level 4) as
emissions were calculated with a fine resolution in space and time, using a
bottom-up method.
State
To determine the NO 2 and PM10 concentrations a chain of models was used. The
concentrations for the study area (covering the agglomeration and its 30 km
diameter surroundings) were calculated with a CALPUFF (http://www.src.com)
Gaussian puff model setup (discrete receptors were used) with decreasing resolution
from 1 km (for city surroundings) to a very high 250 m resolution (for the
agglomeration itself). Regional (Voivodeship) background concentrations were
calculated at a resolution of 7 km using the CAMx Eulerian chemical transport
model (Environ 2006) and included monthly varying boundary conditions also for
aerosols derived from the EMEP Unified model (50 km resolution, monthly
averages).
Operational model evaluation was carried out with the set of statistical metrics
proposed by Juda-Rezler et al. (2012).
The features of CALPUFF model also allowed to compute the contribution of
different source categories to the air pollution in the study area
(source-apportionment).
In summary, the level of complexity of the STATE block can be considered high
(level 4).
Impact
In the AQP for Warsaw, the human health effects were not directly considered, and
indirectly measured, as determined by the exceedances of limit values for the
protection of human health, according to the EU Directive. The analysis was based
on yearly average concentrations for NO 2 and both yearly and daily averages for
PM10 concentrations. Thus, the IMPACT assessment block level is 1.
Response
In this study a preliminary list of economically and/or socially and politically
feasible measures was drafted and subsequently extended and screened based on
expert opinion and previous experience with respect to the effectiveness of the
individual measures. Besides the measures, also a map of hot spots was provided
for which the measures should be applied. The finally proposed measures were split
into two groups:
66
C. Belis et al.
hourly emissions for a road network were calculated as a function of traffic volume,
road characteristics and fleet composition, based on the data from the Warsaw’s
Boards of Urban Roads and of Public Transport (250 m  250 m resolution).
Residential emissions were calculated based on the local information on residential
units not connected to the city central heating system, their furnace type and fuel
used (coal, coke, gas, oil, wood) (250 m  250 m resolution, as well). For the
industrial emissions a detailed emission inventory (compiled by the Regional
Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Warsaw) with stack level data was
used. The complexity of the PRESSURES block is thus also high (level 4) as
emissions were calculated with a fine resolution in space and time, using a
bottom-up method.
State
To determine the NO 2 and PM10 concentrations a chain of models was used. The
concentrations for the study area (covering the agglomeration and its 30 km
diameter surroundings) were calculated with a CALPUFF (http://www.src.com)
Gaussian puff model setup (discrete receptors were used) with decreasing resolution
from 1 km (for city surroundings) to a very high 250 m resolution (for the
agglomeration itself). Regional (Voivodeship) background concentrations were
calculated at a resolution of 7 km using the CAMx Eulerian chemical transport
model (Environ 2006) and included monthly varying boundary conditions also for
aerosols derived from the EMEP Unified model (50 km resolution, monthly
averages).
Operational model evaluation was carried out with the set of statistical metrics
proposed by Juda-Rezler et al. (2012).
The features of CALPUFF model also allowed to compute the contribution of
different source categories to the air pollution in the study area
(source-apportionment).
In summary, the level of complexity of the STATE block can be considered high
(level 4).
Impact
In the AQP for Warsaw, the human health effects were not directly considered, and
indirectly measured, as determined by the exceedances of limit values for the
protection of human health, according to the EU Directive. The analysis was based
on yearly average concentrations for NO 2 and both yearly and daily averages for
PM10 concentrations. Thus, the IMPACT assessment block level is 1.
Response
In this study a preliminary list of economically and/or socially and politically
feasible measures was drafted and subsequently extended and screened based on
expert opinion and previous experience with respect to the effectiveness of the
individual measures. Besides the measures, also a map of hot spots was provided
for which the measures should be applied. The finally proposed measures were split
into two groups:
66
C. Belis et al.