health effects. Moreover source apportionment analysis within the framework of IA
studies is applied to comply with the obligations deriving from the AQD, to design
air quality plans or action plans, to identify the causes of exceedances, and to
identify the transboundary pollution contribution from other countries (Fig. 3.14).
Receptor models and dispersion models (Lagrangian models, Eulerian models
and Gaussian models) are used for the identification of sources. Objective
DRIVERS
Industry, Transport
PRESSURES
Emissions
STATE
Air quality
IMPACT
Health, Costs,
Ecosystems,
Climate change
RESPONSES
Policies
DRIVERS
Industry, Transport
PRESSURES
Emissions
STATE
Air quality
IMPACT
Health, Costs,
Ecosystems,
Climate change
RESPONSES
Optimal policies
(a)
(b)
Fig. 3.11 IAM approaches within the DPSIR scheme: scenario analysis (left) and optimization
approach (right)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Air quality
assessment
Mitigation and
planning
Source
apportionment
AQP (53 answers)
RP (25 answers)
Fig. 3.12 Modelling purpose of AQPs (blue) and RPs (red)
3 Current European AQ Planning at Regional …
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