500
M. Rashid et al.
Fig. 23 NMR spectroscopy
finds applications in different
subjects. Some of those
subjects are listed here such
as biology, math, chemistry,
physics etc.
quantum computing, [30] imaging [31] and many more [32, 33]. However, such a
vast area of NMR applications is difficult to cover here in a single chapter and we
will primarily focus on few selected applications of NMR spectroscopy in biology
and medicine.
Among the many applications; (1) NMR based metabolomics has been getting
focus of researchers from various background of research interests such as food,
quality control, diseases, environment etc. (2) Another one involves the study
of biomaterials; both organic and inorganic components in natural abundance
and isotopically enriched samples. This also involves the interaction of organic
part/proteins with the inorganic components within the biomaterials. (3) NMR spectroscopy also deals with structure and dynamics of proteins in their absolutely native
state. Membrane proteins their structural and functional properties within membrane
protein environments such as liposomes, bicelles and nanodiscs can also be elucidated
with NMR spectroscopy. In following sections, we will describe how application of
NMR spectroscopy has taken the research forward in some of areas of biological
sciences.
9.1 Metabolomics
Metabolomics and metabonomics are sometimes used as interchangeable terms,
however both terms have philosophical difference and could be explained as
following: According to Jeremy K. Nicholson and John C. Lindon “Metabonomics broadly aims to measure the global, dynamic metabolic response of living
M. Rashid et al.
Fig. 23 NMR spectroscopy
finds applications in different
subjects. Some of those
subjects are listed here such
as biology, math, chemistry,
physics etc.
quantum computing, [30] imaging [31] and many more [32, 33]. However, such a
vast area of NMR applications is difficult to cover here in a single chapter and we
will primarily focus on few selected applications of NMR spectroscopy in biology
and medicine.
Among the many applications; (1) NMR based metabolomics has been getting
focus of researchers from various background of research interests such as food,
quality control, diseases, environment etc. (2) Another one involves the study
of biomaterials; both organic and inorganic components in natural abundance
and isotopically enriched samples. This also involves the interaction of organic
part/proteins with the inorganic components within the biomaterials. (3) NMR spectroscopy also deals with structure and dynamics of proteins in their absolutely native
state. Membrane proteins their structural and functional properties within membrane
protein environments such as liposomes, bicelles and nanodiscs can also be elucidated
with NMR spectroscopy. In following sections, we will describe how application of
NMR spectroscopy has taken the research forward in some of areas of biological
sciences.
9.1 Metabolomics
Metabolomics and metabonomics are sometimes used as interchangeable terms,
however both terms have philosophical difference and could be explained as
following: According to Jeremy K. Nicholson and John C. Lindon “Metabonomics broadly aims to measure the global, dynamic metabolic response of living