Fig. 7.4
Schematic drawing of the bowstring railway bridge
across the Sado River, showing the proportion of bird crosses
at different heights during one annual cycle (November 2012
to September 2013). The grey section indicates the birds
flying at the heights of collision risk with circulating trains . . . 112
Fig. 8.1
Location of study site along the Madrid-Albacete HSR.
Inset image shows a magnified view of the study area
(boxed in main image). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Fig. 9.1
Map of the 134 km of the Canadian Pacific Railroad study
area that traverses through Banff and Yoho National Parks in
the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Each analysis segment (4.86
km) is shown denoted by a small perpendicular bar along the
railroad. Segments with high strike risk are labeled for (E) elk,
(D) deer, and (B) bears during the 21-year period (1989–2009)
along the Canadian Pacific Railroad through Banff and Yoho
National Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Fig. 9.2
Grain spill sampling method used on the rail bed. The
sampling frame (10 Â 10 cm
2 ), was randomly thrown
three times to estimate the mean density of wheat and
barley seeds within a 5 m zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Fig. 9.3
The number of train strikes (white bars) for a elk, b
deer and c bear compared to the expected number of
strikes (grey bars a positive value) based on the abundance
of wildlife sign along each 4.86 km segment using
perpendicular transects; d compares on-track relative
abundance for bears to number of strikes. Hotspots are
segments with a strike count above the 95% confidence
interval (grey dashed line) and high risk segments are those
with a risk estimate significantly above 1.0 (black points and
error bars). Grey points are risk estimates not significantly
different from 1.0 (the number killed was close to the number
expected based on wildlife abundance). Segments proceed
west to east, where 0 is the first 4.86 km inside the west
boundary of Yoho National Park. The Field town site is
located at segment 6, the Lake Louise town site corresponds
to segment 13 and the Banff town site segment 24 . . . . . . . . . . 145
Fig. 9.4
Annual train strikes for a elk, b deer and c bear along 134 km
of the Canadian Pacific Railroad through Banff and Yoho
National Parks, 1989–2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
xxiv
List of Figures
Schematic drawing of the bowstring railway bridge
across the Sado River, showing the proportion of bird crosses
at different heights during one annual cycle (November 2012
to September 2013). The grey section indicates the birds
flying at the heights of collision risk with circulating trains . . . 112
Fig. 8.1
Location of study site along the Madrid-Albacete HSR.
Inset image shows a magnified view of the study area
(boxed in main image). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Fig. 9.1
Map of the 134 km of the Canadian Pacific Railroad study
area that traverses through Banff and Yoho National Parks in
the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Each analysis segment (4.86
km) is shown denoted by a small perpendicular bar along the
railroad. Segments with high strike risk are labeled for (E) elk,
(D) deer, and (B) bears during the 21-year period (1989–2009)
along the Canadian Pacific Railroad through Banff and Yoho
National Parks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Fig. 9.2
Grain spill sampling method used on the rail bed. The
sampling frame (10 Â 10 cm
2 ), was randomly thrown
three times to estimate the mean density of wheat and
barley seeds within a 5 m zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Fig. 9.3
The number of train strikes (white bars) for a elk, b
deer and c bear compared to the expected number of
strikes (grey bars a positive value) based on the abundance
of wildlife sign along each 4.86 km segment using
perpendicular transects; d compares on-track relative
abundance for bears to number of strikes. Hotspots are
segments with a strike count above the 95% confidence
interval (grey dashed line) and high risk segments are those
with a risk estimate significantly above 1.0 (black points and
error bars). Grey points are risk estimates not significantly
different from 1.0 (the number killed was close to the number
expected based on wildlife abundance). Segments proceed
west to east, where 0 is the first 4.86 km inside the west
boundary of Yoho National Park. The Field town site is
located at segment 6, the Lake Louise town site corresponds
to segment 13 and the Banff town site segment 24 . . . . . . . . . . 145
Fig. 9.4
Annual train strikes for a elk, b deer and c bear along 134 km
of the Canadian Pacific Railroad through Banff and Yoho
National Parks, 1989–2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
xxiv
List of Figures